List premiera Rosji - Władimira Putina do Polaków prof. dr Józef Szaniawski (2009-08-31)
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Monday, August 31, 2009
Rodacy Stoczniowcy zajmijcie Nasze Poskie Narodowe Stocznie tak dzisiaj i zacznijcie produkowac sami jak to zrobili w Argentynie. Czy to my mamy
Rodacy Stoczniowcy zajmijcie Nasze Poskie Narodowe Stocznie tak dzisiaj i zacznijcie produkowac sami jak to zrobili w Argentynie. Czy to my mamy sie od nich uczyc ale czy oni sie nauczyli od Polski?
Minister Grad NISZCZY Polskie Dobro Narodowe Klamie z pozwolenia Tuska
Tak dzisiaj na falach TVN 24
Stoczniowcy Wy co zmieniliscie kierunek historii i doprowadziliscie do wolnej Polski obudzcie sie!
Did International Money lenders destroyed Argentina 2001 and Latvia 2009?Is Latvia making the Argentinean mistake? Are there any similarities?By Lech Alex Bajan Washington DC
Cold winds are blowing through Latvia. The sun might be shining on the beautiful beaches along the Baltic Sea in this small European Union state, but the temperature of the economy is plunging below zero.)The global financial crisis has hit Latvia hard. Gross domestic product has fallen by 18% percent on an annual basis. As a response to the crisis, public- sector wages have already been lowered by 20% or more. Many schools and hospitals will be shut. The consequences are also political: Latvia's elections to the European parliament on 6 June 2009 showed increased support for the opposition.
The prime minister Valdis Dombrovskis on 9 June secured proposals for even tougher spending cuts amounting to 500 million lats ($9.92 million). This follows demands from international lenders, including the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the European Union, for state budget cuts to be reduced by an additional 10%.
Andres Borg, the Swedish finance minister, welcomed the news and - while attending a meeting of European finance ministers in Luxembourg - made clear what he expected of his Latvian colleagues: "We are pleased with a more responsible fiscal policy from Riga...now we need equally strong credibility. (The Latvian government) must do exactly what they say and the effects must be exactly what they say."
NOW this is my post from 2007 You can check?Is Latvia making the Argentinean mistake? Are there any similarities?
It was a few years ago when corporate TV stations showed a terrible situation in Argentina – a country of a stormy past, but in a pretty good shape since the introduction of global economy. Crowds of people protesting in the streets, soldiers shooting at them. Smoke, squibs, fire and unemployment surpassing 22 per cent. In 2001 Argentina was on the bottom of an abyss, from which – according to Western economists – there was no escape.
Globalists, industrialists and bankers were massively leaving the country taking away with them whatever still could be taken. The media were ordered to forget about that country and its sheer existence. In December 2001 Argentina fund herself in an economical hole into which it was pushed by its elites and globalism. The banks stopped paying out the money. Nobody was able to control the economy of the country. President Carlos Menem, previously in power, an industrialist chosen for the post in 1989, had promised Argentineans beautiful women and Ferrari cars. But through the back door he would sell out the country’s assets to foreign hands for ridiculously low prices. He borrowed large sums of money from the World Bank and International Monetary Fund. The citizens of Argentina, which thanks to the borrowed money was prospering like never before, cheered for their President and declared him a genius of the free market. The idyll ended when they had to start paying back the borrowed money. In 2001 the gross domestic product went down as much as 11 per cent. However, the country did not receive any additional funds or any concrete pieces of advice from the IMF. The history of Argentina is full of unsuccessful uprisings, sudden upheavals, protests and wars. It is also full of poverty of masses and unimaginable richness of a small group of the chosen ones. It is full of corruption, horrible torture and fascist prisons. But by the end of 1990s the whole world was left speechless. What was going on the streets of Argentina was a warning and a prophecy for the enthusiasts of global economy. In private the journalists were wondering how it was possible to ruin a whole country in such a short time. How was it possible that no one noticed that and no one counter-reacted? Such questions were circulating in the Internet and in private conversations. But newspapers and TV bulletins were chasing for sensation and blubbering about fiscal irresponsibility on a large scale.Average Argentineans and the new president, De la Rua, were soon to be blamed for everything. Argentina was alive and kicking, but corporate media did not want to let the public know about it. In 1999, when De la Rua was chosen President and the country had already been in recession for 3 years, conniving CNN would announce that Menem had not been re-elected because he could not enter for election for the third time, according to the constitution. However, he said that he would enter the election in 2003. Menem belonged to Peronists party, the biggest political power in Argentina. He was closely linked with the USA, globalism and free market.
The new President of Argentina had almost no move. Peronists were still in power and they attacked him from the very beginning. De la Rua asked his countrymen in his speeches: ‘Please, understand how important is unity. I want to be the President of all Argentineans.’ When economic crash came, International Monetary Fund was the first to wash their hands. Its experts claimed that Argentina spent too much Money although the country’s budget was much smaller than the budget of the USA during the Great Depression. When the economists ridiculed such an explanation, the lawyers of IMF began their attack. They claimed that Argentina had had such rights to distribute the loans to which the Fund had to adjust and which made normal economical functioning impossible. It means that the Fund wants us to believe that poor Argentina dictated them the conditions. All that show was supervised by the elites of the USA. For the last 55 years, during the whole existence of the International Monetary Fund, the voice of the United States has been decisive. Other rich member countries could easily oppose the USA in voting and win, but by some strange coincidence they never did. When we take a closer look at IMF we will find out that in fact it is only a group of lenders ruled by the American Treasury. We should not be surprised then that the American government (and the obedient American and Western media after them) unanimously stated that Argentina must be submissive to the rules imposed on her by the IMF.
Economical analysis Today we know already why Argentina’s economy collapsed, although the media do not want to say it. I am begging here for a special attention of the readers in Poland. In 1991 Menem based the country’s economy on a ‘higher’ currency which was the American dollar. A stable exchange rate of 1:1 between the dollar and the Argentinean peso was introduced. Menem hoped that the dollar would soon become the circulating currency in Argentina. It was quite a good idea at first, but soon it turned out that the value of the dollar was overrated. Automatically the value of the Argentinean peso was also overvalued. Let us pay attention how the euro is functioning in Poland. At the moment when investors figured out that the value of the peso is overrated they started fearing that it would fall. That is why they began demanding higher and higher interest rates on everything. Also on private and government loans. It caused a huge debt.
The interest rate was raised to 40 per cent. To keep up the parity on the American currency, the Argentinian government had to have adequate amount of American dollars in the banks. The more the crisis developed the more American dollars the government had to buy for a significantly overrated price. More and more people demanded transactions in cash. This process pushed Argentina into a debt of 140 billion of dollars. In December 2001 the Argentinian government announced to the world that they are not able to pay anything.
Argentina became the pariah of nations. To keep up the overrated value of the peso, International Monetary Fund gave Argentina huge loans. Only in one year to the country’s Treasury were sent 40 billion dollars as a package organised by many lending institutions. Only one basic requirement that was to guarantee that these loans would be paid off was to maintain zero budget deficit. Which meant that Argentina had to oscillate on 100 per cent of the budget. It is impossible during a recession to keep 100% of a budget, besides it takes some painful operations like serious cuts in the budget, which in turn cause high level of unemployment eventually leading to street fighting on a big scale. How did that process look like from the point of view of an average, hard-working Argentinian? At the beginning of the 1990s Argentinians were encouraged to buy almost everything.
Companies were privatized and incorporated into conglomerates.People were encouraged to build houses by giving them low-mortgage loans. People were asked to set up their own companies and those who were laid off were given compensation packages. Luxury cars were shown to the middle class and sold for very low down-payments for high-percentage loans and long-term payments. The media shouted out that the situation is so good, that everybody would be able to afford to pay off the loans on cars or houses. ‘You can have everything now – you will pay off later!’. The Argentinians – like Poles today – enjoyed the prosperity not knowing that a trap had been set up for them. After 40 years of poverty and wars they could at last have in their gardens or garages what so far they had seen in American films. With the Western capital came the people whose task was to watch its flow.
They taught Argentinians what the free market and global economy is about. Soon they had such huge influence on Argentina’s administrating structure that the country, practically speaking, lost its independence. In the situation when the American dollar was bought with the peso at the rate of 1:1, everything that was produced in Argentina (as well as services) was too expensive to be exported. The whole country – just like Poland and other countries – was literally choked to death. Import of goods was much cheaper than their production. In that way almost 10% of gross domestic product was destroyed. Mass privatizations at the beginning of the 1990s of almost all national assets for a fraction of its market value had already caused unemployment on a big scale. Mainly electricity, municipal and telecommunication companies were privatized. Globalists know very well how to do it. You start privatizing from the chosen key sectors. After that, other co-operating sectors become incompatible. Then there is no way out but to privatize all other sectors in the structure upwards. When the spiral of privatization went up, the spiral of dismissions from work went down. At the bottom there was a bigger and bigger number of unemployed people ending up with no means of living. On the scale of the country, the spiral movement up was balanced by the movement down. Finally more and more people stopped doing their shopping and the money stopped circulating. So did the taxes. Poor Argentinians did not pay taxes because they had nothing – instead, they started buying rifles. When the money stopped circulating, now privatised companies laid off more and more people to keep up the economy of their firms. Those three inter-related crisises (taxes, unemployment, overrated value of the currency) get the Argentinian government to beg IMF for help or advice. International Monetary Fund, after long negotiations, made their decision. ‘Argentina is too much in debt. We can’t help. Let us leave that country in the state of free falling into an abyss.’
Also, during many military councils the decision was made how to cut off Argentina from the outside world if the expected rebellion of armed Argentinians was to spread across the borders. This decision by IMF get the Argentinians (who foresaw the fall of the value of the peso) to rush to the banks to pay out their savings. The banks were closed, the salaries in many sectors of the country’s economy were held up. In desperation, the President declared that Argentina stopped paying off her debts. The press foretold that in the country there would be hair-raising scenes and after that they lost their interest in the matter.
The Argentinian miracle It seemed that there was no retreat for Argentina. The rats began to leave the sinking ship. President Menem left for Chile. The businessmen and their international advisors were leaving for their countries. Even small investors, whose parents had come to Argentina in search for a better life, frantically tried to get entry visas to their mother countries. Whole factories with full machinery equipment were left behind – it was not profitable to produce there anything any more. The workers were laid off with nothing. Beautiful residences with swimming-pools were left abandoned, as well as whole office blocks lined out with marble. Those who had led to that crisis were moving like locust on other fields which could still be eaten up. ’Time’ magazine was wondering: ‘What can President De la Rua do now? This is a million-dollar question. Whether alone or in a coalition, he immediately needs a plan to ease the crisis. He has to help his countrymen to fill their stomachs and, maybe, to revive economical growth. The problem is that – to ease the results of the crisis concerning poor people – the government has to spend millions of dollars on food and basic needs. And this will cause a further escalation of the financial crisis. Something must happen…’ And it did happen!
The Argentinians trusted their President who broke the negotiations with international financiers. The army, police and ordinary people lined up in support. They claimed that Argentina belonged to Argentinians, not to international financial mafia. The Argentinian government, left alone, made a decision which get the White House and international bankers furious. Against their recommendation, the exchange rate of the peso was freed. Minister of Economy, Roberto Lavagna, stated: ‘Having competitive prices of currency exchange will help our export and enable fulfillment of the country’s needs.’ They also decided to end the free market policy to which the country’s economy was a prisoner.
An economical co-operation with Brazil and China was established. Some capital started to flow to the country. The central bank began to buy the dollar again, but only as much as necessary to keep up the economic growth. When Argentina announced that after 3 years from the moment of separation from degenerated ideas of globalists she was able to pay 30 cents for every dollar of her debt and keep up her unprecedented economical growth, at first nobody believed her. Then the media were strictly forbidden to inform about it. We should not be surprised as it is a palpable proof how quickly an economy of a given country and life of its citizens can improve when they forget about globalist absurdities. In December 2004 the British ‘Guardian’ wrote: Three years ago, in December, Argentina was in crisis. The economy was rolling down uncontrolled into an abyss, banks closed their door to the investors, company presidents changed every week. Today the common opinion among the economists in Buenos Aires are that the country has left the worst behind. Yes, Argentina is still fighting with a complicated process of reconstruction of her debt, but the economy has undergone incredible changes.’
Like Phoenix, the economy has risen from the ashes. After an 11-per-cent fall in 2002, in 2003 the domestic product rose almost 9% and it will rise another 8% this year*. The government carefully announces that GDP will rise 4% in 2005, but most experts in economy believe that in fact the growth will be 5%. The assumptions of ‘free market’ were bad for jobs and employment. In 2002 the unemployment reached its peak with 22%. Now it is 12%. Whether you are faithful believers or not, some commentators say about the rise of Argentina as of a miracle which Rodrigo Rato, the director of IMF, could not cause. The hand of God turned out to be more powerful than the hand of International Monetary Fund. Now nobody is cheating any more. Another thing which is hidden by the media was the fact of absolute unification of the working class with the management class. When the factory owners closed their firms and fled to other countries, their workers and directors occupied nearby cafes and park benches. When they were sitting idly on the streets, they were discussing how to improve their life and situation of their country, doomed to fail. The employees of such abandoned factories as Zanon looked at the gates melancholically. They spent most of their lives in those factories. Finally they made up their minds. They entered the grounds of their empty and devastated factories, started the machines and began production out of the materials which were still in the warehouses. The authorities and the army looked at that almost communist-like behaviour of the people in a friendly manner. Soon department managers, office clerks and economic directors joined the turners, polishers and warehouse men. In the record-breaking time sales and export were initiated.
There were no fixed hours of work. The decisions concerning their factories were taken by the people during short production meetings. It turned out that the production is profitable and needed. What had not been profitable for globalists started to be such for common people without the help from banks and financial cartels. Soon production and sales reached their record levels in some factories. The people shared the profit with one another. They had never earned such sums of money before. So, they started to spend them. Thus building industry and other branches of industry got moving. All that happened so quickly that America did not even have enough time to declare Argentina a communist country.
The Movement of Unemployed Workers (MTD) was established. Soon this organisation had the power to influence politics. And that was yet another mystery of the Argentinian miracle. The rats come back The situation of Argentina began to improve. Globalists and factory owners began to come back and demand a return of their factories taken over by the people. Those who had left the country on the verge of a civil war 3 years before, now have some claims quoting international laws. Does that remind the Poles of something? MTD, which was created almost literally on the streets, is strong. The organization is threatening with mass demonstrations. The ceramics factory, Zanon, the first one to be taken over by its workers and revived to the state of a profitable works, has become a symbol of the new and better, like Gdansk Shipyard used to be for Poles. MTD is considered by CIA and other similar organizations as a group which managed to create the most modern strategies and solutions how to unite and defend people from capitalism. The returning rats from international financial circles are fighting back. Because Argentina constitutes a serious threat to the whole global economy, we should assume that if the USA wasn’t involved in Iraq now, the American soldiers would be defending their oil under the Argentinian grass in the name of democracy, or would be defending the freedom of their country there. Kirchner, new President of Argentina, demands the extradition of the ex-president Carlos Menem, who is in Chile. Menem is wanted by the Argentinian authorities for corruption and bringing the country to ruin. He planned to enter for the presidential election in 2007 and used to promise the factory owners to return their property. Of course, that is why he enjoys the support from international financiers and can afford to laugh at the orders and decisions of Argentinian courts of law. In January 2005 international bankers agreed to the proposal from the Argentinian government to be paid 25 cents for every dollar of the debt. An unseen thing happened – Argentina declared a war to IMF and several other globalist organizations and won. Argentina, protected by her own army, not only blackmailed the globalists, but also refused any negotiations with 700,000 holders of the state bonds. Argentina has an open way to be accepted back to the community of international societies from which she had been thrown away before. And she did it on her own conditions, as a full member, making decisions on her own. Many bankers and international investors accuse Argentina of totalitarism and cheating investors and lenders. It caused quarrels among big financiers, Italian and American among others, who claim that if it was not for 9/11, they would be talking to Argentinians in a different manner. Three months later IMF again began demanding a full payment of the debts. But Argentina was already strong enough being in economic co-operation with Brazil and China to show the bankers from Wall Street ‘the middle finger of her right hand’. Argentina started to prove to the world that about half of the creditors had already made a considerable profit on the Argentinian debts and that it was not fair that they should demand any more.This opinion was exposed by Chinese and Indian media. By the way, Argentina showed in black and white how some people tried to bring the country to bankruptcy and what it meant in practice. The British ‘Guardian’ writes: ‘Three things worked for the benefit of Argentina. First, Kirchner’s card was strong thanks to the strong economy. Secondly, the truth about IMF was being revealed, that is why they wanted a quick settlement. Thirdly, Wall Street left Argentina just before the crisis and the negotiations were led by European banks. So the American Treasury was not pressed to play hard with Argentina. Also, they did not want Kirchner to make friends with a strong populist, President of Brazil, Lula. Now many indebted countries may follow Argentina’s footsteps – and show the globalists their behind. Including Poland. And that is what the financial circles fear most. A precedence was created. A relatively non-significant country, held up against the wall, defied the wide-spread slogans of democracy, law and free market. And she won – at least so far. There has emerged a big chance for other countries. Now, when the American army is involved in Iraq, they can get rid of the yoke. You only need to want it and go for it. Just like the citizens of Argentina did, regardless of their social function, possessions and education.
Alex Lech Bajan RAQport Washington DC mailto:office@raqport.com tel USA 001-703-528-0114
Wyniki 1 - 21 spośród 21 wyników dla zapytania stocznia. (Znaleziono w 0.02 sek.)
Sytuacja w polskich stoczniach (2009-08-21)
Rodzaj audycji: [Aktualności dnia]
Autor: Karol Guzikiewicz - wiceprzewodniczący Solidarności Stoczni Gdańskiej
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=17817
Co dalej z polskimi stoczniami? (2009-08-18)
Rodzaj audycji: [Aktualności dnia]
Autor: Lech Wydrzyński - przewodniczący Szczecińskiego Stowarzyszenia Obrony Stoczni i Przemysłu Okrętowego w Polsce
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=17790
Co dzieje się w polskich stoczniach? (2009-08-08)
Rodzaj audycji: [Aktualności dnia]
Autor: pos. Marek Gróbarczyk, poseł do Parlamentu Europejskiego
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=17702
Wizyta Neelie Kroes w stoczniach w Szczecinie, Gdyni i Gdańsku (2009-07-11)
Rodzaj audycji: [Aktualności dnia]
Autor: Andrzej Jaworski, były prezes Stoczni Gdańskiej
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=17381
Formalne zatrzymanie produkcji statków w stoczniach w Szczecinie i w Gdyni (2009-05-29)
Rodzaj audycji: [Aktualności dnia]
Autor: Paweł Brzezicki
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=14947
Debata stoczniowa (2009-05-14)
Rodzaj audycji: [Rozmowy niedokończone]
Autor: Marek Gróbarczyk - były minister gospodarki morskiej, Andrzej Jaworski - prezes fundacji Stocznia Gdańska
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=14877
Rząd zataił dokumenty przed Polakami (2009-04-21)
Rodzaj audycji: [Aktualności dnia]
Autor: były prezes Stoczni Gdańskiej Andrzej Jaworski, prezes stowarzyszenia Stocznia Gdańska
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=14550
Zwolnienia w stoczniach (2009-01-26)
Rodzaj audycji: [Aktualności dnia]
Autor: Kpt. ż. w. Zbigniew Sulatycki
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=10672
Co dalej ze stoczniami? (2008-11-07)
Rodzaj audycji: [Aktualności dnia]
Autor: Andrzej Jaworski
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=9746
Co dalej z polskimi stoczniami? (2008-10-03)
Rodzaj audycji: [Aktualności dnia]
Autor: Andrzej Jaworski
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=9415
Walka o przetrwanie polskiego przemysłu stoczniowego (2008-09-19)
Rodzaj audycji: [Aktualności dnia]
Autor: Andrzej Jaworski - prezes fundacji Stocznia Gdańska, Roman Gałęzewski - przewodniczący Solidarności Stoczni Gdańskiej
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=9248
Jaka przyszłość przemysłu stoczniowego w Polsce? (2008-08-22)
Rodzaj audycji: [Rozmowy niedokończone]
Autor: Ryszard Kwidzyński oraz Grzegorz Huszcz - b. wiceprezesi Stoczni Szczecińskiej, Lech Wydrzyński i Jerzy Corda - akcjonariusze Stoczni Szczecińskiej, Andrzej Jaworski - b. prezes Stoczni Gdańskiej, Prezes Fundacji Stocznia Gdańska, Brunon Baranowski - czło
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=8926
Sytuacja w stoczniach (2008-07-09)
Rodzaj audycji: [Aktualności dnia]
Autor: prez. Andrzej Jaworski
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=8524
Enigmatyczny program zatopienia Stoczni Gdańskiej i sprzedaży Polskiej Żeglugi Morskiej cz.II (2008-06-26)
Rodzaj audycji: [Rozmowy niedokończone]
Autor: Andrzej Jaworski - b.prezes Stoczni Gdańskiej, prezes Fundacji Stocznia Gdańska; Brunon Baranowski - przew. Komisji Międzyzakładowej NSZZ Solidarność; Mieczysław Folta - kpt. Żeglugi Wielkiej, przew. Rady Pracowniczej PŻM; Paweł Kowalski - przew. Komisji
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=8423
Enigmatyczny program zatopienia Stoczni Gdańskiej i sprzedaży Polskiej Żeglugi Morskiej (2008-06-26)
Rodzaj audycji: [Rozmowy niedokończone]
Autor: Andrzej Jaworski - b.prezes Stoczni Gdańskiej, prezes Fundacji Stocznia Gdańska; Brunon Baranowski - przew. Komisji Międzyzakładowej NSZZ Solidarność; Mieczysław Folta - kpt. Żeglugi Wielkiej, przew. Rady Pracowniczej PŻM; Paweł Kowalski - przew. Komisji
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=8422
Donald Tusk przekazuje nieprawdziwe informacje o polskich stoczniach (2007-10-09)
Rodzaj audycji: [Aktualności dnia]
Autor: Andrzej Jaworski - Prezes Stoczni Gdańskiej
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=6047
Problem w polskich stoczniach (2007-01-25)
Rodzaj audycji: [Aktualności dnia]
Autor: Paweł Brzezicki - Prezes Agencji Rozwoju Przemysłu
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=4129
O co walczy Stocznia Gdynia? (2006-12-02)
Rodzaj audycji: [Aktualności dnia]
Autor: Andrzej Jaworski - Prezes Stoczni Gdańskiej
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=3582
Stocznia Gdańska wytoczyła proces "Gazecie Wyborczej" (2006-10-19)
Rodzaj audycji: [Aktualności dnia]
Autor: Andrzej Jaworski - Prezes Stoczni Gdańskiej
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=3170
Stocznia Gdańska została oddzielona od Gdyńskiej (2006-08-22)
Rodzaj audycji: [Aktualności dnia]
Autor: Paweł Brzezicki - prezes Agencji Rozwoju Przemysłu
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=2699
Co dalej z kolebką Solidarności? Obecna sytuacja w Stoczniach: Gdańskiej i Gdyńskiej. (2006-06-21)
Rodzaj audycji: [Aktualności dnia]
Autor: Andrzej Jaworski - prezes Stoczni Gdańskiej
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=2306
Minister Grad NISZCZY Polskie Dobro Narodowe Klamie z pozwolenia Tuska
Tak dzisiaj na falach TVN 24
Stoczniowcy Wy co zmieniliscie kierunek historii i doprowadziliscie do wolnej Polski obudzcie sie!
Did International Money lenders destroyed Argentina 2001 and Latvia 2009?Is Latvia making the Argentinean mistake? Are there any similarities?By Lech Alex Bajan Washington DC
Cold winds are blowing through Latvia. The sun might be shining on the beautiful beaches along the Baltic Sea in this small European Union state, but the temperature of the economy is plunging below zero.)The global financial crisis has hit Latvia hard. Gross domestic product has fallen by 18% percent on an annual basis. As a response to the crisis, public- sector wages have already been lowered by 20% or more. Many schools and hospitals will be shut. The consequences are also political: Latvia's elections to the European parliament on 6 June 2009 showed increased support for the opposition.
The prime minister Valdis Dombrovskis on 9 June secured proposals for even tougher spending cuts amounting to 500 million lats ($9.92 million). This follows demands from international lenders, including the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the European Union, for state budget cuts to be reduced by an additional 10%.
Andres Borg, the Swedish finance minister, welcomed the news and - while attending a meeting of European finance ministers in Luxembourg - made clear what he expected of his Latvian colleagues: "We are pleased with a more responsible fiscal policy from Riga...now we need equally strong credibility. (The Latvian government) must do exactly what they say and the effects must be exactly what they say."
NOW this is my post from 2007 You can check?Is Latvia making the Argentinean mistake? Are there any similarities?
It was a few years ago when corporate TV stations showed a terrible situation in Argentina – a country of a stormy past, but in a pretty good shape since the introduction of global economy. Crowds of people protesting in the streets, soldiers shooting at them. Smoke, squibs, fire and unemployment surpassing 22 per cent. In 2001 Argentina was on the bottom of an abyss, from which – according to Western economists – there was no escape.
Globalists, industrialists and bankers were massively leaving the country taking away with them whatever still could be taken. The media were ordered to forget about that country and its sheer existence. In December 2001 Argentina fund herself in an economical hole into which it was pushed by its elites and globalism. The banks stopped paying out the money. Nobody was able to control the economy of the country. President Carlos Menem, previously in power, an industrialist chosen for the post in 1989, had promised Argentineans beautiful women and Ferrari cars. But through the back door he would sell out the country’s assets to foreign hands for ridiculously low prices. He borrowed large sums of money from the World Bank and International Monetary Fund. The citizens of Argentina, which thanks to the borrowed money was prospering like never before, cheered for their President and declared him a genius of the free market. The idyll ended when they had to start paying back the borrowed money. In 2001 the gross domestic product went down as much as 11 per cent. However, the country did not receive any additional funds or any concrete pieces of advice from the IMF. The history of Argentina is full of unsuccessful uprisings, sudden upheavals, protests and wars. It is also full of poverty of masses and unimaginable richness of a small group of the chosen ones. It is full of corruption, horrible torture and fascist prisons. But by the end of 1990s the whole world was left speechless. What was going on the streets of Argentina was a warning and a prophecy for the enthusiasts of global economy. In private the journalists were wondering how it was possible to ruin a whole country in such a short time. How was it possible that no one noticed that and no one counter-reacted? Such questions were circulating in the Internet and in private conversations. But newspapers and TV bulletins were chasing for sensation and blubbering about fiscal irresponsibility on a large scale.Average Argentineans and the new president, De la Rua, were soon to be blamed for everything. Argentina was alive and kicking, but corporate media did not want to let the public know about it. In 1999, when De la Rua was chosen President and the country had already been in recession for 3 years, conniving CNN would announce that Menem had not been re-elected because he could not enter for election for the third time, according to the constitution. However, he said that he would enter the election in 2003. Menem belonged to Peronists party, the biggest political power in Argentina. He was closely linked with the USA, globalism and free market.
The new President of Argentina had almost no move. Peronists were still in power and they attacked him from the very beginning. De la Rua asked his countrymen in his speeches: ‘Please, understand how important is unity. I want to be the President of all Argentineans.’ When economic crash came, International Monetary Fund was the first to wash their hands. Its experts claimed that Argentina spent too much Money although the country’s budget was much smaller than the budget of the USA during the Great Depression. When the economists ridiculed such an explanation, the lawyers of IMF began their attack. They claimed that Argentina had had such rights to distribute the loans to which the Fund had to adjust and which made normal economical functioning impossible. It means that the Fund wants us to believe that poor Argentina dictated them the conditions. All that show was supervised by the elites of the USA. For the last 55 years, during the whole existence of the International Monetary Fund, the voice of the United States has been decisive. Other rich member countries could easily oppose the USA in voting and win, but by some strange coincidence they never did. When we take a closer look at IMF we will find out that in fact it is only a group of lenders ruled by the American Treasury. We should not be surprised then that the American government (and the obedient American and Western media after them) unanimously stated that Argentina must be submissive to the rules imposed on her by the IMF.
Economical analysis Today we know already why Argentina’s economy collapsed, although the media do not want to say it. I am begging here for a special attention of the readers in Poland. In 1991 Menem based the country’s economy on a ‘higher’ currency which was the American dollar. A stable exchange rate of 1:1 between the dollar and the Argentinean peso was introduced. Menem hoped that the dollar would soon become the circulating currency in Argentina. It was quite a good idea at first, but soon it turned out that the value of the dollar was overrated. Automatically the value of the Argentinean peso was also overvalued. Let us pay attention how the euro is functioning in Poland. At the moment when investors figured out that the value of the peso is overrated they started fearing that it would fall. That is why they began demanding higher and higher interest rates on everything. Also on private and government loans. It caused a huge debt.
The interest rate was raised to 40 per cent. To keep up the parity on the American currency, the Argentinian government had to have adequate amount of American dollars in the banks. The more the crisis developed the more American dollars the government had to buy for a significantly overrated price. More and more people demanded transactions in cash. This process pushed Argentina into a debt of 140 billion of dollars. In December 2001 the Argentinian government announced to the world that they are not able to pay anything.
Argentina became the pariah of nations. To keep up the overrated value of the peso, International Monetary Fund gave Argentina huge loans. Only in one year to the country’s Treasury were sent 40 billion dollars as a package organised by many lending institutions. Only one basic requirement that was to guarantee that these loans would be paid off was to maintain zero budget deficit. Which meant that Argentina had to oscillate on 100 per cent of the budget. It is impossible during a recession to keep 100% of a budget, besides it takes some painful operations like serious cuts in the budget, which in turn cause high level of unemployment eventually leading to street fighting on a big scale. How did that process look like from the point of view of an average, hard-working Argentinian? At the beginning of the 1990s Argentinians were encouraged to buy almost everything.
Companies were privatized and incorporated into conglomerates.People were encouraged to build houses by giving them low-mortgage loans. People were asked to set up their own companies and those who were laid off were given compensation packages. Luxury cars were shown to the middle class and sold for very low down-payments for high-percentage loans and long-term payments. The media shouted out that the situation is so good, that everybody would be able to afford to pay off the loans on cars or houses. ‘You can have everything now – you will pay off later!’. The Argentinians – like Poles today – enjoyed the prosperity not knowing that a trap had been set up for them. After 40 years of poverty and wars they could at last have in their gardens or garages what so far they had seen in American films. With the Western capital came the people whose task was to watch its flow.
They taught Argentinians what the free market and global economy is about. Soon they had such huge influence on Argentina’s administrating structure that the country, practically speaking, lost its independence. In the situation when the American dollar was bought with the peso at the rate of 1:1, everything that was produced in Argentina (as well as services) was too expensive to be exported. The whole country – just like Poland and other countries – was literally choked to death. Import of goods was much cheaper than their production. In that way almost 10% of gross domestic product was destroyed. Mass privatizations at the beginning of the 1990s of almost all national assets for a fraction of its market value had already caused unemployment on a big scale. Mainly electricity, municipal and telecommunication companies were privatized. Globalists know very well how to do it. You start privatizing from the chosen key sectors. After that, other co-operating sectors become incompatible. Then there is no way out but to privatize all other sectors in the structure upwards. When the spiral of privatization went up, the spiral of dismissions from work went down. At the bottom there was a bigger and bigger number of unemployed people ending up with no means of living. On the scale of the country, the spiral movement up was balanced by the movement down. Finally more and more people stopped doing their shopping and the money stopped circulating. So did the taxes. Poor Argentinians did not pay taxes because they had nothing – instead, they started buying rifles. When the money stopped circulating, now privatised companies laid off more and more people to keep up the economy of their firms. Those three inter-related crisises (taxes, unemployment, overrated value of the currency) get the Argentinian government to beg IMF for help or advice. International Monetary Fund, after long negotiations, made their decision. ‘Argentina is too much in debt. We can’t help. Let us leave that country in the state of free falling into an abyss.’
Also, during many military councils the decision was made how to cut off Argentina from the outside world if the expected rebellion of armed Argentinians was to spread across the borders. This decision by IMF get the Argentinians (who foresaw the fall of the value of the peso) to rush to the banks to pay out their savings. The banks were closed, the salaries in many sectors of the country’s economy were held up. In desperation, the President declared that Argentina stopped paying off her debts. The press foretold that in the country there would be hair-raising scenes and after that they lost their interest in the matter.
The Argentinian miracle It seemed that there was no retreat for Argentina. The rats began to leave the sinking ship. President Menem left for Chile. The businessmen and their international advisors were leaving for their countries. Even small investors, whose parents had come to Argentina in search for a better life, frantically tried to get entry visas to their mother countries. Whole factories with full machinery equipment were left behind – it was not profitable to produce there anything any more. The workers were laid off with nothing. Beautiful residences with swimming-pools were left abandoned, as well as whole office blocks lined out with marble. Those who had led to that crisis were moving like locust on other fields which could still be eaten up. ’Time’ magazine was wondering: ‘What can President De la Rua do now? This is a million-dollar question. Whether alone or in a coalition, he immediately needs a plan to ease the crisis. He has to help his countrymen to fill their stomachs and, maybe, to revive economical growth. The problem is that – to ease the results of the crisis concerning poor people – the government has to spend millions of dollars on food and basic needs. And this will cause a further escalation of the financial crisis. Something must happen…’ And it did happen!
The Argentinians trusted their President who broke the negotiations with international financiers. The army, police and ordinary people lined up in support. They claimed that Argentina belonged to Argentinians, not to international financial mafia. The Argentinian government, left alone, made a decision which get the White House and international bankers furious. Against their recommendation, the exchange rate of the peso was freed. Minister of Economy, Roberto Lavagna, stated: ‘Having competitive prices of currency exchange will help our export and enable fulfillment of the country’s needs.’ They also decided to end the free market policy to which the country’s economy was a prisoner.
An economical co-operation with Brazil and China was established. Some capital started to flow to the country. The central bank began to buy the dollar again, but only as much as necessary to keep up the economic growth. When Argentina announced that after 3 years from the moment of separation from degenerated ideas of globalists she was able to pay 30 cents for every dollar of her debt and keep up her unprecedented economical growth, at first nobody believed her. Then the media were strictly forbidden to inform about it. We should not be surprised as it is a palpable proof how quickly an economy of a given country and life of its citizens can improve when they forget about globalist absurdities. In December 2004 the British ‘Guardian’ wrote: Three years ago, in December, Argentina was in crisis. The economy was rolling down uncontrolled into an abyss, banks closed their door to the investors, company presidents changed every week. Today the common opinion among the economists in Buenos Aires are that the country has left the worst behind. Yes, Argentina is still fighting with a complicated process of reconstruction of her debt, but the economy has undergone incredible changes.’
Like Phoenix, the economy has risen from the ashes. After an 11-per-cent fall in 2002, in 2003 the domestic product rose almost 9% and it will rise another 8% this year*. The government carefully announces that GDP will rise 4% in 2005, but most experts in economy believe that in fact the growth will be 5%. The assumptions of ‘free market’ were bad for jobs and employment. In 2002 the unemployment reached its peak with 22%. Now it is 12%. Whether you are faithful believers or not, some commentators say about the rise of Argentina as of a miracle which Rodrigo Rato, the director of IMF, could not cause. The hand of God turned out to be more powerful than the hand of International Monetary Fund. Now nobody is cheating any more. Another thing which is hidden by the media was the fact of absolute unification of the working class with the management class. When the factory owners closed their firms and fled to other countries, their workers and directors occupied nearby cafes and park benches. When they were sitting idly on the streets, they were discussing how to improve their life and situation of their country, doomed to fail. The employees of such abandoned factories as Zanon looked at the gates melancholically. They spent most of their lives in those factories. Finally they made up their minds. They entered the grounds of their empty and devastated factories, started the machines and began production out of the materials which were still in the warehouses. The authorities and the army looked at that almost communist-like behaviour of the people in a friendly manner. Soon department managers, office clerks and economic directors joined the turners, polishers and warehouse men. In the record-breaking time sales and export were initiated.
There were no fixed hours of work. The decisions concerning their factories were taken by the people during short production meetings. It turned out that the production is profitable and needed. What had not been profitable for globalists started to be such for common people without the help from banks and financial cartels. Soon production and sales reached their record levels in some factories. The people shared the profit with one another. They had never earned such sums of money before. So, they started to spend them. Thus building industry and other branches of industry got moving. All that happened so quickly that America did not even have enough time to declare Argentina a communist country.
The Movement of Unemployed Workers (MTD) was established. Soon this organisation had the power to influence politics. And that was yet another mystery of the Argentinian miracle. The rats come back The situation of Argentina began to improve. Globalists and factory owners began to come back and demand a return of their factories taken over by the people. Those who had left the country on the verge of a civil war 3 years before, now have some claims quoting international laws. Does that remind the Poles of something? MTD, which was created almost literally on the streets, is strong. The organization is threatening with mass demonstrations. The ceramics factory, Zanon, the first one to be taken over by its workers and revived to the state of a profitable works, has become a symbol of the new and better, like Gdansk Shipyard used to be for Poles. MTD is considered by CIA and other similar organizations as a group which managed to create the most modern strategies and solutions how to unite and defend people from capitalism. The returning rats from international financial circles are fighting back. Because Argentina constitutes a serious threat to the whole global economy, we should assume that if the USA wasn’t involved in Iraq now, the American soldiers would be defending their oil under the Argentinian grass in the name of democracy, or would be defending the freedom of their country there. Kirchner, new President of Argentina, demands the extradition of the ex-president Carlos Menem, who is in Chile. Menem is wanted by the Argentinian authorities for corruption and bringing the country to ruin. He planned to enter for the presidential election in 2007 and used to promise the factory owners to return their property. Of course, that is why he enjoys the support from international financiers and can afford to laugh at the orders and decisions of Argentinian courts of law. In January 2005 international bankers agreed to the proposal from the Argentinian government to be paid 25 cents for every dollar of the debt. An unseen thing happened – Argentina declared a war to IMF and several other globalist organizations and won. Argentina, protected by her own army, not only blackmailed the globalists, but also refused any negotiations with 700,000 holders of the state bonds. Argentina has an open way to be accepted back to the community of international societies from which she had been thrown away before. And she did it on her own conditions, as a full member, making decisions on her own. Many bankers and international investors accuse Argentina of totalitarism and cheating investors and lenders. It caused quarrels among big financiers, Italian and American among others, who claim that if it was not for 9/11, they would be talking to Argentinians in a different manner. Three months later IMF again began demanding a full payment of the debts. But Argentina was already strong enough being in economic co-operation with Brazil and China to show the bankers from Wall Street ‘the middle finger of her right hand’. Argentina started to prove to the world that about half of the creditors had already made a considerable profit on the Argentinian debts and that it was not fair that they should demand any more.This opinion was exposed by Chinese and Indian media. By the way, Argentina showed in black and white how some people tried to bring the country to bankruptcy and what it meant in practice. The British ‘Guardian’ writes: ‘Three things worked for the benefit of Argentina. First, Kirchner’s card was strong thanks to the strong economy. Secondly, the truth about IMF was being revealed, that is why they wanted a quick settlement. Thirdly, Wall Street left Argentina just before the crisis and the negotiations were led by European banks. So the American Treasury was not pressed to play hard with Argentina. Also, they did not want Kirchner to make friends with a strong populist, President of Brazil, Lula. Now many indebted countries may follow Argentina’s footsteps – and show the globalists their behind. Including Poland. And that is what the financial circles fear most. A precedence was created. A relatively non-significant country, held up against the wall, defied the wide-spread slogans of democracy, law and free market. And she won – at least so far. There has emerged a big chance for other countries. Now, when the American army is involved in Iraq, they can get rid of the yoke. You only need to want it and go for it. Just like the citizens of Argentina did, regardless of their social function, possessions and education.
Alex Lech Bajan RAQport Washington DC mailto:office@raqport.com tel USA 001-703-528-0114
Wyniki 1 - 21 spośród 21 wyników dla zapytania stocznia. (Znaleziono w 0.02 sek.)
Sytuacja w polskich stoczniach (2009-08-21)
Rodzaj audycji: [Aktualności dnia]
Autor: Karol Guzikiewicz - wiceprzewodniczący Solidarności Stoczni Gdańskiej
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=17817
Co dalej z polskimi stoczniami? (2009-08-18)
Rodzaj audycji: [Aktualności dnia]
Autor: Lech Wydrzyński - przewodniczący Szczecińskiego Stowarzyszenia Obrony Stoczni i Przemysłu Okrętowego w Polsce
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=17790
Co dzieje się w polskich stoczniach? (2009-08-08)
Rodzaj audycji: [Aktualności dnia]
Autor: pos. Marek Gróbarczyk, poseł do Parlamentu Europejskiego
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=17702
Wizyta Neelie Kroes w stoczniach w Szczecinie, Gdyni i Gdańsku (2009-07-11)
Rodzaj audycji: [Aktualności dnia]
Autor: Andrzej Jaworski, były prezes Stoczni Gdańskiej
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=17381
Formalne zatrzymanie produkcji statków w stoczniach w Szczecinie i w Gdyni (2009-05-29)
Rodzaj audycji: [Aktualności dnia]
Autor: Paweł Brzezicki
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=14947
Debata stoczniowa (2009-05-14)
Rodzaj audycji: [Rozmowy niedokończone]
Autor: Marek Gróbarczyk - były minister gospodarki morskiej, Andrzej Jaworski - prezes fundacji Stocznia Gdańska
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=14877
Rząd zataił dokumenty przed Polakami (2009-04-21)
Rodzaj audycji: [Aktualności dnia]
Autor: były prezes Stoczni Gdańskiej Andrzej Jaworski, prezes stowarzyszenia Stocznia Gdańska
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=14550
Zwolnienia w stoczniach (2009-01-26)
Rodzaj audycji: [Aktualności dnia]
Autor: Kpt. ż. w. Zbigniew Sulatycki
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=10672
Co dalej ze stoczniami? (2008-11-07)
Rodzaj audycji: [Aktualności dnia]
Autor: Andrzej Jaworski
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=9746
Co dalej z polskimi stoczniami? (2008-10-03)
Rodzaj audycji: [Aktualności dnia]
Autor: Andrzej Jaworski
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=9415
Walka o przetrwanie polskiego przemysłu stoczniowego (2008-09-19)
Rodzaj audycji: [Aktualności dnia]
Autor: Andrzej Jaworski - prezes fundacji Stocznia Gdańska, Roman Gałęzewski - przewodniczący Solidarności Stoczni Gdańskiej
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=9248
Jaka przyszłość przemysłu stoczniowego w Polsce? (2008-08-22)
Rodzaj audycji: [Rozmowy niedokończone]
Autor: Ryszard Kwidzyński oraz Grzegorz Huszcz - b. wiceprezesi Stoczni Szczecińskiej, Lech Wydrzyński i Jerzy Corda - akcjonariusze Stoczni Szczecińskiej, Andrzej Jaworski - b. prezes Stoczni Gdańskiej, Prezes Fundacji Stocznia Gdańska, Brunon Baranowski - czło
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=8926
Sytuacja w stoczniach (2008-07-09)
Rodzaj audycji: [Aktualności dnia]
Autor: prez. Andrzej Jaworski
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=8524
Enigmatyczny program zatopienia Stoczni Gdańskiej i sprzedaży Polskiej Żeglugi Morskiej cz.II (2008-06-26)
Rodzaj audycji: [Rozmowy niedokończone]
Autor: Andrzej Jaworski - b.prezes Stoczni Gdańskiej, prezes Fundacji Stocznia Gdańska; Brunon Baranowski - przew. Komisji Międzyzakładowej NSZZ Solidarność; Mieczysław Folta - kpt. Żeglugi Wielkiej, przew. Rady Pracowniczej PŻM; Paweł Kowalski - przew. Komisji
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=8423
Enigmatyczny program zatopienia Stoczni Gdańskiej i sprzedaży Polskiej Żeglugi Morskiej (2008-06-26)
Rodzaj audycji: [Rozmowy niedokończone]
Autor: Andrzej Jaworski - b.prezes Stoczni Gdańskiej, prezes Fundacji Stocznia Gdańska; Brunon Baranowski - przew. Komisji Międzyzakładowej NSZZ Solidarność; Mieczysław Folta - kpt. Żeglugi Wielkiej, przew. Rady Pracowniczej PŻM; Paweł Kowalski - przew. Komisji
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=8422
Donald Tusk przekazuje nieprawdziwe informacje o polskich stoczniach (2007-10-09)
Rodzaj audycji: [Aktualności dnia]
Autor: Andrzej Jaworski - Prezes Stoczni Gdańskiej
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=6047
Problem w polskich stoczniach (2007-01-25)
Rodzaj audycji: [Aktualności dnia]
Autor: Paweł Brzezicki - Prezes Agencji Rozwoju Przemysłu
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=4129
O co walczy Stocznia Gdynia? (2006-12-02)
Rodzaj audycji: [Aktualności dnia]
Autor: Andrzej Jaworski - Prezes Stoczni Gdańskiej
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=3582
Stocznia Gdańska wytoczyła proces "Gazecie Wyborczej" (2006-10-19)
Rodzaj audycji: [Aktualności dnia]
Autor: Andrzej Jaworski - Prezes Stoczni Gdańskiej
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=3170
Stocznia Gdańska została oddzielona od Gdyńskiej (2006-08-22)
Rodzaj audycji: [Aktualności dnia]
Autor: Paweł Brzezicki - prezes Agencji Rozwoju Przemysłu
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=2699
Co dalej z kolebką Solidarności? Obecna sytuacja w Stoczniach: Gdańskiej i Gdyńskiej. (2006-06-21)
Rodzaj audycji: [Aktualności dnia]
Autor: Andrzej Jaworski - prezes Stoczni Gdańskiej
Adres: http://www.radiomaryja.pl/audycje.php?id=2306
Saturday, August 29, 2009
Rok 1939 w świetle kluczowych faktów prof. Pogonowski,
Rok 1939 w świetle kluczowych faktów prof. Pogonowski, Rok 1939 w świetle kluczowych faktów jest zupełnie inny niż oficjalnie mówi o tym Rosja i niż młodzież uczy się w polskich szkołach, zwłaszcza z podręczników pełnych błędów historycznych, których rodowód wywodzi się z PRL-u. Po Pierwszej Wojnie Światowej Polska ogłosiła niepodległość i walczyła, według Normana Davies'a, w sześciu konfliktach, w rezultacie których zostały ustalone granice Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej.
Marszałek Józef Piłsudski rozumiał rosnące zagrożenie militarne przez Niemcy i Rosję Sowiecką i podsumował sytuację Polski w swoim testamencie, w którym powiedział rodakom: „Lawirujcie między Niemcami i Rosją póki można, a jak się nie da, wciągnijcie do walki cały świat”. Obecnie w 70. rocznicę wybuchu Drugiej Wojny Światowej trzeba pamiętać, że prawdopodobnie Polska uratowała Rosję Sowiecką od klęski, kiedy 26 stycznia 1939, odrzuciła ofertę Hitlera przystąpienia do anty-sowieckiego przymierza, w formie Paktu Anty-Kominternowskiego. Tym samym Polska odmówiła wzięcia udziału w jednoczesnym ataku na Rosję z zachodu przez Niemcy i ze wschodu przez Japonię.
Angielska książka „Diplomat in Berlin, 1933-39”, ambasadora polskiego Józefa Lipskiego, cytuje zbiegi Hitlera, począwszy do 5 sierpnia 1935 roku i jego ówczesne twierdzenie, że dla niego stosunki z Polską należą do najważniejszych. Wówczas Hitler zaproponował pakt przeciwko Rosji oraz współpracę wojskową. Polski rząd lawirował, ponieważ był świadomy, że stałą myślą przewodnią rządu nazistowskiego w Berlinie było urzeczywistnienie doktryny Lebensraumu i zabór niemiecki Polski i Ukrainy oraz kolonizacja Rosji, tak jak Anglicy skolonizowali Indie. Wcześniej dobrze opisał niemiecki koncept imperium „od Renu do Władywostoku” Aleksander Guczkow, minister obrony w rządzie Kiereńskiego.
W traktacie kapitulacji Rosji wobec Niemiec w Pierwszej Wojnie Światowej, w Brześciu Litewskim, 3 marca 1918 roku, rząd Lenina oficjalnie zgodził się na rolę Rosji jako wasala Niemiec, za co wielu Rosjan uznało Lenina za zdrajcę. Dwadzieścia lat później Hitler wierzył, że musi przyłączyć do Niemiec czarnoziem Ukrainy i wyeliminować Polaków i Ukraińców, tak żeby po wojnie ziemie ich były zaludnione przez „rasowych Niemców”.
Odrzucenie w Warszawie ponawianej oferty Joachima von Ribbentropa przystąpienia Polski do Paktu Anty-Kominternowskiego w dniu 26 stycznia 1939, komplikowało sytuację Niemiec. Jako alianci Japonii od 25 listopada 1936 roku, Niemcy wiedzieli o atakach japońskich na sowieckie wyspy na rzece Amur w 1937 roku, jak też o ataku na Niezależną Wschodnią Armię Czerwoną na granicy Mandżuko, w 1938 roku i z początkiem 1939 roku o naporze wojsk japońskich na Zewnętrzną Mongolię, wówczas kontrolowaną przez Związek Sowiecki.
Odmowa Polski uniemożliwiła plany Hitlera jednoczesnego ataku na Sowiety, ze wschodu i z zachodu. Podstawowym problemem Hitlera był fakt, że tereny państwa polskiego blokowały dostęp Niemców do Rosji. Polskie siły zbrojne uniemożliwiały przemarsz „na siłę” wojsk niemieckich w celu rozpoczęcia ataku na Rosję, podczas gdy Japonia atakowała ze wschodu. Uznając ten fakt, rząd w Berlinie zaczął korzystać z zachęty Stalina i dążyć do chwilowego porozumienia z Rosją kosztem Polski. Porozumienie to doszło do skutku i zantagonizowało Japonię. Plany Hitlera wikłały się.
Zamiast umożliwienia wojny na dwa fronty przeciwko Sowietom, już w marcu 1939 Polska, Francja i Anglia wymieniły wzajemne gwarancje obrony. Groziło to Niemcom wojną na dwa fronty, w chwili ataku Niemiec na Polskę. Istnieją pogłoski, że wówczas admirał Canaris, szef wywiadu niemieckiego, powiedział do Reinharda Heydricha, szefa hitlerowskiego aparatu terroru, że Niemcom brak żołnierzy, żeby wygrać zbliżającą się wojnę. Komplikacje w stosunkach Niemiec i Japonii nie dały długo na siebie czekać.
Ważny i mało znany jest fakt, że 19 marca 1939, Stalin przemawiał do 18. zjazdu sowieckiej partii komunistycznej i przemowa jego była nadana przez radio moskiewskie. Stalin oskarżył Wielką Brytanię i Francję o podjudzanie Niemców i Japończyków do ataków na Związek Sowiecki, w celu wyczerpania stron walczących tak, żeby alianci zachodni mogli dyktować warunki pokoju po walce. Wówczas Stalin wspomniał możliwość współpracy Rosji Sowieckiej z niemieckimi nazistami. Oferta Stalina była niespodzianką dla Berlina. Dała ona możliwość zwłoki w czasie pozornej przyjaźni i współpracy Niemców ze Sowietami.
Zwłoka była Niemcom wtedy potrzebna, ponieważ Polacy bronili swej niepodległości i odmówili przyłączenia się do ataku Niemców na Rosję. Polska odmówiła udziału 40 do 50 polskich dywizji gotowych do mobilizacji i mogła wraz z ponad 100 niemieckimi dywizjami dokonać zwycięskiego ataku na Sowiety, które były głównym geopolitycznym wrogiem Hitera, w jego planowanych podbojach na „następne 1000 lat”. Ówczesna gra Stalina jest opisana na stronie 95 mojej książki (Pogonowski. Iwo, „Jews In Poland: A documentary History, New York, 1993, ISBN 0-7818-0116-8).
Ważna jest podstawowa wypowiedź Hitlera z 11 sierpnia 1939 roku, była skierowana do Komisarza Ligi Narodów, Jacoba Burkhardta: „Wszystkie moje plany i przedsięwzięcia są skierowane przeciwko Rosji; jeżeli Zachód jest zbyt głupi i ślepy, żeby to pojąć, będę musiał ułożyć się z Rosją, wspólnie pokonać Zachód, a po jego klęsce zaatakuję Sowiety wszystkimi moimi siłami. Konieczna mi jest Ukraina, tak żeby nie mogli mnie wziąć głodem, jak to się stało w ostatniej wojnie”. (Roy Dennan: „Missed Chances,” Indigo, Londyn 1997, str. 65). Warto wspomnieć, że Hitler nazywał zbliżający się konflikt „wojną motorów” („Motorenkrieg”) - tymczasem wbrew pomysłom Hitlera, faktycznie armia niemiecka użyła 600,000 koni i 200,000 pojazdów motorowych, które okazały się mniej użyteczne niż konie, według książki Stephena Badsaya „World War II Battle Plans” 2000, str. 96.
Józef Garliński napisał na stronie 40 w jego książce „POLAND, S.O.E., AND THE ALLIES”: „Propagandziści komunistyczni nieraz mówią, że pakt Ribbentrop-Mołotow był tylko sprytnym posunięciem taktycznym Stalina, żeby zyskać na czasie. Nie był to zwykły pakt o nieagresji a raczej bliska współpraca komunistów z nazistami, którym sowieci dostarczyli 900,000 ton ropy naftowej, 500,000 ton rudy żelaznej, 500,000 ton nawozów oraz wiele ważnych dostaw”.
Według „The Oxford Kompanion to World War II” (Oxford University Press, 1995)” ofensywa sowiecka w sierpniu 1939 na japońską Armię Kwantyngu w Mandżuko pod wodzą generała Grigiry’ego Żukowa była pierwszym w historii zastosowaniem taktyk „blitz-krieg’u”, które były wprowadzone przez Niemców i Sowietów na sowieckich poligonach po zawarciu traktatu w Rapallo, 16 kwietnia 1922 roku, przez zdominowaną przez Żydów Republikę Weimarską. Od 28 maja 1939 roku odbywały się w Azji największe w historii tamtych czasów, bitwy powietrzne 140 do 200 samolotów sowieckich i japońskich, (A. Stella, „Khlkhim-Gol, The Forgotten War”, Journal of Contemporary History, 18, 1983).
Stalin, w obawie przed wojną na dwa fronty, posłał Żukowa żeby niespodzianie uderzył na Japończyków, za pomocą 35 batalionów piechoty, 20 szwadronów kawalerii, 500 samolotów i 500 nowych czołgów. Świadomy nadchodzącego ataku na Polskę, Żukow zaatakował 20 sierpnia 1939 roku i zadał wielkie straty Japończykom skoordynowanym ogniem czołgów, armat i samolotów po raz pierwszy w historii. Ponad 18,000 Japończyków poległo (P. Snow: Nomohan – the Unknown Victory,” History Today, lipiec, 1990).
Według autora Laurie Braber („Chaekmate at the Russian Border: Japanese Conflict before Pearl Harbour” 2000): „Pakt nazistów z Sowietami 23 sierpnia 1939, był uważny przez rząd Japonii z zdradę Paktu Anty-Kominternowskiego i konkluzja Japończyków była że Hitlerem trzeba manipulować na korzyść Japonii, ale nigdy mu ufać. Pakt Niemców ze Sowietami był ogłoszony w czasie klęski wojsk japońskich.. Formalnie walki japońsko-sowieckie skończyły się zawieszeniem broni 16 września 1939. Sowieci po końcu walk przeciwko Japonii, 17 września uderzyli na Polskę w pełnej świadomości, że Francja nie spełni obietnicy i nie zaatakuje Niemiec, w czasie kiedy 70% sił niemieckich walczyło w Polsce, a jednocześnie Francja miała więcej czołgów niż Niemcy.
Stalin zorientował się latem 1940 roku, jak wielki błąd popełnił, dokonując masowych egzekucji polskich jeńców wojennych, wiosną 1940 roku, takich zbrodni jak mordu NKWD w Katyniu dokonanego na oficerach polskich. Salin miał nadzieję, że we Francji znowu będzie przewlekła wojna pozycyjna i że rosyjska armia będzie mogła nadrobić straty 44,000 oficerów sowieckich zabitych w czasie stalinowskich czystek w latach 1930. Szybkie zwycięstwo Hitlera we Francji zagrażało wcześniejszym atakiem na Rosję, która potrzebowała pomocy z USA oraz mogłaby użyć przeciwko Hitlerowi polskich, jeńców wojennych wymordowanych przez NKWD wiosną 1940.
Rząd rosyjski poczuwa się do ciągłości z rządami Stalina i innych komunistów. Obecnie po wielokrotnym potępianiu zbrodni rządów komunistycznych dokonywanych na komunistach, Moskwa wybiela Pakt Ribbentrop-Mołotow i oznajmia, że rosyjskie służby wywiadowcze wkrótce ogłoszą jakieś sensacyjne knowania Polski z Hitlerem, niby w postaci tajnych pertraktacji polskich służb specjalnych oraz ministerstwa obrony, według wiadomości agencji RIA Nowosti. Rzecznik rosyjskich służb w mediach, Sergei Iwanow, stara się pokazać Polskę, ofiarę masowych mordów w czasie Drugiej Wojny Światowej, w jak najgorszym możliwie świetle. Jakoś Moskwę nie stać na przyznanie faktu jak wiele Rosja skorzystała na odmowie przez Polskę wzięcia udziału w ataku sił Hitlera na Sowiety w 1939 roku.
Marszałek Józef Piłsudski rozumiał rosnące zagrożenie militarne przez Niemcy i Rosję Sowiecką i podsumował sytuację Polski w swoim testamencie, w którym powiedział rodakom: „Lawirujcie między Niemcami i Rosją póki można, a jak się nie da, wciągnijcie do walki cały świat”. Obecnie w 70. rocznicę wybuchu Drugiej Wojny Światowej trzeba pamiętać, że prawdopodobnie Polska uratowała Rosję Sowiecką od klęski, kiedy 26 stycznia 1939, odrzuciła ofertę Hitlera przystąpienia do anty-sowieckiego przymierza, w formie Paktu Anty-Kominternowskiego. Tym samym Polska odmówiła wzięcia udziału w jednoczesnym ataku na Rosję z zachodu przez Niemcy i ze wschodu przez Japonię.
Angielska książka „Diplomat in Berlin, 1933-39”, ambasadora polskiego Józefa Lipskiego, cytuje zbiegi Hitlera, począwszy do 5 sierpnia 1935 roku i jego ówczesne twierdzenie, że dla niego stosunki z Polską należą do najważniejszych. Wówczas Hitler zaproponował pakt przeciwko Rosji oraz współpracę wojskową. Polski rząd lawirował, ponieważ był świadomy, że stałą myślą przewodnią rządu nazistowskiego w Berlinie było urzeczywistnienie doktryny Lebensraumu i zabór niemiecki Polski i Ukrainy oraz kolonizacja Rosji, tak jak Anglicy skolonizowali Indie. Wcześniej dobrze opisał niemiecki koncept imperium „od Renu do Władywostoku” Aleksander Guczkow, minister obrony w rządzie Kiereńskiego.
W traktacie kapitulacji Rosji wobec Niemiec w Pierwszej Wojnie Światowej, w Brześciu Litewskim, 3 marca 1918 roku, rząd Lenina oficjalnie zgodził się na rolę Rosji jako wasala Niemiec, za co wielu Rosjan uznało Lenina za zdrajcę. Dwadzieścia lat później Hitler wierzył, że musi przyłączyć do Niemiec czarnoziem Ukrainy i wyeliminować Polaków i Ukraińców, tak żeby po wojnie ziemie ich były zaludnione przez „rasowych Niemców”.
Odrzucenie w Warszawie ponawianej oferty Joachima von Ribbentropa przystąpienia Polski do Paktu Anty-Kominternowskiego w dniu 26 stycznia 1939, komplikowało sytuację Niemiec. Jako alianci Japonii od 25 listopada 1936 roku, Niemcy wiedzieli o atakach japońskich na sowieckie wyspy na rzece Amur w 1937 roku, jak też o ataku na Niezależną Wschodnią Armię Czerwoną na granicy Mandżuko, w 1938 roku i z początkiem 1939 roku o naporze wojsk japońskich na Zewnętrzną Mongolię, wówczas kontrolowaną przez Związek Sowiecki.
Odmowa Polski uniemożliwiła plany Hitlera jednoczesnego ataku na Sowiety, ze wschodu i z zachodu. Podstawowym problemem Hitlera był fakt, że tereny państwa polskiego blokowały dostęp Niemców do Rosji. Polskie siły zbrojne uniemożliwiały przemarsz „na siłę” wojsk niemieckich w celu rozpoczęcia ataku na Rosję, podczas gdy Japonia atakowała ze wschodu. Uznając ten fakt, rząd w Berlinie zaczął korzystać z zachęty Stalina i dążyć do chwilowego porozumienia z Rosją kosztem Polski. Porozumienie to doszło do skutku i zantagonizowało Japonię. Plany Hitlera wikłały się.
Zamiast umożliwienia wojny na dwa fronty przeciwko Sowietom, już w marcu 1939 Polska, Francja i Anglia wymieniły wzajemne gwarancje obrony. Groziło to Niemcom wojną na dwa fronty, w chwili ataku Niemiec na Polskę. Istnieją pogłoski, że wówczas admirał Canaris, szef wywiadu niemieckiego, powiedział do Reinharda Heydricha, szefa hitlerowskiego aparatu terroru, że Niemcom brak żołnierzy, żeby wygrać zbliżającą się wojnę. Komplikacje w stosunkach Niemiec i Japonii nie dały długo na siebie czekać.
Ważny i mało znany jest fakt, że 19 marca 1939, Stalin przemawiał do 18. zjazdu sowieckiej partii komunistycznej i przemowa jego była nadana przez radio moskiewskie. Stalin oskarżył Wielką Brytanię i Francję o podjudzanie Niemców i Japończyków do ataków na Związek Sowiecki, w celu wyczerpania stron walczących tak, żeby alianci zachodni mogli dyktować warunki pokoju po walce. Wówczas Stalin wspomniał możliwość współpracy Rosji Sowieckiej z niemieckimi nazistami. Oferta Stalina była niespodzianką dla Berlina. Dała ona możliwość zwłoki w czasie pozornej przyjaźni i współpracy Niemców ze Sowietami.
Zwłoka była Niemcom wtedy potrzebna, ponieważ Polacy bronili swej niepodległości i odmówili przyłączenia się do ataku Niemców na Rosję. Polska odmówiła udziału 40 do 50 polskich dywizji gotowych do mobilizacji i mogła wraz z ponad 100 niemieckimi dywizjami dokonać zwycięskiego ataku na Sowiety, które były głównym geopolitycznym wrogiem Hitera, w jego planowanych podbojach na „następne 1000 lat”. Ówczesna gra Stalina jest opisana na stronie 95 mojej książki (Pogonowski. Iwo, „Jews In Poland: A documentary History, New York, 1993, ISBN 0-7818-0116-8).
Ważna jest podstawowa wypowiedź Hitlera z 11 sierpnia 1939 roku, była skierowana do Komisarza Ligi Narodów, Jacoba Burkhardta: „Wszystkie moje plany i przedsięwzięcia są skierowane przeciwko Rosji; jeżeli Zachód jest zbyt głupi i ślepy, żeby to pojąć, będę musiał ułożyć się z Rosją, wspólnie pokonać Zachód, a po jego klęsce zaatakuję Sowiety wszystkimi moimi siłami. Konieczna mi jest Ukraina, tak żeby nie mogli mnie wziąć głodem, jak to się stało w ostatniej wojnie”. (Roy Dennan: „Missed Chances,” Indigo, Londyn 1997, str. 65). Warto wspomnieć, że Hitler nazywał zbliżający się konflikt „wojną motorów” („Motorenkrieg”) - tymczasem wbrew pomysłom Hitlera, faktycznie armia niemiecka użyła 600,000 koni i 200,000 pojazdów motorowych, które okazały się mniej użyteczne niż konie, według książki Stephena Badsaya „World War II Battle Plans” 2000, str. 96.
Józef Garliński napisał na stronie 40 w jego książce „POLAND, S.O.E., AND THE ALLIES”: „Propagandziści komunistyczni nieraz mówią, że pakt Ribbentrop-Mołotow był tylko sprytnym posunięciem taktycznym Stalina, żeby zyskać na czasie. Nie był to zwykły pakt o nieagresji a raczej bliska współpraca komunistów z nazistami, którym sowieci dostarczyli 900,000 ton ropy naftowej, 500,000 ton rudy żelaznej, 500,000 ton nawozów oraz wiele ważnych dostaw”.
Według „The Oxford Kompanion to World War II” (Oxford University Press, 1995)” ofensywa sowiecka w sierpniu 1939 na japońską Armię Kwantyngu w Mandżuko pod wodzą generała Grigiry’ego Żukowa była pierwszym w historii zastosowaniem taktyk „blitz-krieg’u”, które były wprowadzone przez Niemców i Sowietów na sowieckich poligonach po zawarciu traktatu w Rapallo, 16 kwietnia 1922 roku, przez zdominowaną przez Żydów Republikę Weimarską. Od 28 maja 1939 roku odbywały się w Azji największe w historii tamtych czasów, bitwy powietrzne 140 do 200 samolotów sowieckich i japońskich, (A. Stella, „Khlkhim-Gol, The Forgotten War”, Journal of Contemporary History, 18, 1983).
Stalin, w obawie przed wojną na dwa fronty, posłał Żukowa żeby niespodzianie uderzył na Japończyków, za pomocą 35 batalionów piechoty, 20 szwadronów kawalerii, 500 samolotów i 500 nowych czołgów. Świadomy nadchodzącego ataku na Polskę, Żukow zaatakował 20 sierpnia 1939 roku i zadał wielkie straty Japończykom skoordynowanym ogniem czołgów, armat i samolotów po raz pierwszy w historii. Ponad 18,000 Japończyków poległo (P. Snow: Nomohan – the Unknown Victory,” History Today, lipiec, 1990).
Według autora Laurie Braber („Chaekmate at the Russian Border: Japanese Conflict before Pearl Harbour” 2000): „Pakt nazistów z Sowietami 23 sierpnia 1939, był uważny przez rząd Japonii z zdradę Paktu Anty-Kominternowskiego i konkluzja Japończyków była że Hitlerem trzeba manipulować na korzyść Japonii, ale nigdy mu ufać. Pakt Niemców ze Sowietami był ogłoszony w czasie klęski wojsk japońskich.. Formalnie walki japońsko-sowieckie skończyły się zawieszeniem broni 16 września 1939. Sowieci po końcu walk przeciwko Japonii, 17 września uderzyli na Polskę w pełnej świadomości, że Francja nie spełni obietnicy i nie zaatakuje Niemiec, w czasie kiedy 70% sił niemieckich walczyło w Polsce, a jednocześnie Francja miała więcej czołgów niż Niemcy.
Stalin zorientował się latem 1940 roku, jak wielki błąd popełnił, dokonując masowych egzekucji polskich jeńców wojennych, wiosną 1940 roku, takich zbrodni jak mordu NKWD w Katyniu dokonanego na oficerach polskich. Salin miał nadzieję, że we Francji znowu będzie przewlekła wojna pozycyjna i że rosyjska armia będzie mogła nadrobić straty 44,000 oficerów sowieckich zabitych w czasie stalinowskich czystek w latach 1930. Szybkie zwycięstwo Hitlera we Francji zagrażało wcześniejszym atakiem na Rosję, która potrzebowała pomocy z USA oraz mogłaby użyć przeciwko Hitlerowi polskich, jeńców wojennych wymordowanych przez NKWD wiosną 1940.
Rząd rosyjski poczuwa się do ciągłości z rządami Stalina i innych komunistów. Obecnie po wielokrotnym potępianiu zbrodni rządów komunistycznych dokonywanych na komunistach, Moskwa wybiela Pakt Ribbentrop-Mołotow i oznajmia, że rosyjskie służby wywiadowcze wkrótce ogłoszą jakieś sensacyjne knowania Polski z Hitlerem, niby w postaci tajnych pertraktacji polskich służb specjalnych oraz ministerstwa obrony, według wiadomości agencji RIA Nowosti. Rzecznik rosyjskich służb w mediach, Sergei Iwanow, stara się pokazać Polskę, ofiarę masowych mordów w czasie Drugiej Wojny Światowej, w jak najgorszym możliwie świetle. Jakoś Moskwę nie stać na przyznanie faktu jak wiele Rosja skorzystała na odmowie przez Polskę wzięcia udziału w ataku sił Hitlera na Sowiety w 1939 roku.
Friday, August 28, 2009
Protest Swiatowego Zwiaqzku Armii Krajowej przecieko mianowania przez P.Tuska Wladyslawa Bartoszewskiego jako przedstawiciela Zolnierzy Armii Krajowej
Protest Swiatowego Zwiaqzku Armii Krajowej przecieko mianowania przez P.Tuska Wladyslawa Bartoszewskiego jako przedstawiciela Zolnierzy Armii Krajowej podczas uroczystosci zwiazanych z 70- ta rocznica wybuchu II Wojny Swiatowej
ŚWIATOWY ZWIĄZEK ARMII KRAJOWEJ
Zarząd Główny w Warszawie
Wrocław, 2009 r.
Pamięci walczących o Wolną Polskę
KIM SĄ MORDERCY INKI? PIOTR SZUBARCZYK - IPN Gdańsk
Pan Piotr Szubarczyk, pracownik Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej w Gdańsku, podaje nazwiska morderców z Urzędu Bezpieczeństwa, komunistycznego sądownictwa i prokuratury odpowiedzialnych za śmierć INKI, zbrodniarzy bezkarnych do dziś...
Fragment reportażu poświęconego pamięci Danuty Siedzikówny Inki, zrealizowanego i wyemitowanego przez TV Trwam w 2007 roku.
Obchody 70-tej rocznicy wywołania przez Niemców II Wojny Światowej, to dla Polaków szczególne wydarzenie, ponieważ Polska pierwsza stawiła opór hitlerowskiej agresji, a jej synowie walczyli o niepodległość na wszystkich frontach świata ponosząc olbrzymie ofiary. W nieistniejącej Polsce utworzono Armię Krajową, największą w pełni zorganizowaną podziemną armię świata. Jej żołnierze walczyli do końca Za ojczyznę zginęło ich wówczas ponad 100 tysięcy. Ci, którzy przeżyli w kraju i ci, którzy powrócili z innych frontów byli mordowani przez kolejnego najeźdźcę.
Po 45 latach odzyskaliśmy ponownie wolność. Wydawało się, że my żołnierze, wreszcie w naszej ojczyźnie zaznamy spokoju.
Ale na taki stan się nie zanosi, ponieważ grabież resztek majątku narodowego, zdrada i wypędzenia Polaków z własnego kraju są porażające.
Agresywny, nasilający się antypolonizm sieje spustoszenie nie tylko w świadomości Polaków, ale również w gospodarce!
Ze zgrozą obserwujemy narastającą germanizację, szczególnie na ziemiach odzyskanych. Jesteśmy w pełni świadomi, że to nowoczesna wojna, a my jesteśmy obiektem ataku!
Ważnym problemem są również politycy, którzy występują w imieniu Polaków, czy żołnierzy AK nie posiadający tytułu do reprezentowania, bo często wywodzą się ze struktur komunistycznych, lub stoją w sprzeczności z interesem narodowym.. Zwykle w takim przypadku są Polakami, a w innym skrzywdzonymi roszczeniowcami wobec nas.
Takim przykładem jest Władysław Bartoszewski. Z przerażeniem przyjęliśmy wiadomość, że ten człowiek będzie nas reprezentował podczas obchodów 70 rocznicy wybuchu II Wojny Światowej.
Z długiej listy zarzutów, które jego dyskwalifikują przedstawiamy kilka;
Wł. Bartoszewski przyjął od Niemców medal ku czci największego niemieckiego polakożercy lat 20-tych Gustawa Stresemanna,
-jako sekretarz kapituły Orderu Białego sprzeciwił się przyznaniu pośmiertnie Orderu Orła Białego gen, E. Fieldorfowi i rotmistrzowi Witoldowi Pileckiemu. Czy jego zasługi można porównać z zasługami Wielkich Polaków!?
-gdy był oficjalnym gościem Izraela jako polski minister spraw zagranicznych milczał jak grób w parlamencie izraelskim w czasie, gdy obrażano Polskę, gdy Polaków publicznie nazywano współwinnymi wraz z Niemcami zagłady Żydów,
-używa bezprawnie tytułu profesora nie będąc nigdy studentem wyższej uczelni, nie posiadając tytułu doktora i habilitacji. Co gorsze, ten tytuł nadali mu Niemcy!
-zgodził się na zamieszczenie w książce Niesiołowskiego cytatu z kłamliwym twierdzeniem, że jakoby zapisał on piękną kartę walki o Polskę z bronią w ręku. Są pytania; w jakim oddziale, przy jakiej ulicy i jakich ma świadków?
-nie zrobił nic, aby zaprotestować przeciwko brutalnej obławie policyjnej na 300 Polaków we Frankfurcie n/O, a potępioną przez 7 posłów niemieckich,
Przepraszał Niemców za przesiedlenia cytując Jana Józefa Lipskiego,
-zaniżył o 1 milion osób wbrew prawdziwym naukowym stwierdzeniom liczbę ofiar wojny w swym wystąpieniu w Bundestagu,
-w latach 60-tych mocno reagował na przejawy antypolonizmu, a milczy w tej sprawie, gdy fala tego zjawiska jest wielokrotnie większa,
-piętnował w Izraelu antyżydowskich „polskich ciemniaków”, a nie wypowiada się na temat skrajnych przejawów żydowskiego antypolonizmu.,
-jako były żołnierz AK i powstania warszawskiego nie reagował na potworne oszczerstwa rzucane na powstanie w artykule Cichego i na AK w tekście Yaffy Eliach,
-nie reagował na używane oszczerstwa na Polaków w sprawie twierdzenia; polskie obozy koncentracyjne, śmierci, zagłady,
-nie wystąpił nigdy, by potępić oszczerczy antypolonizm J.T. Grossa.
-odwołał z funkcji polskiego konsula honorowego, wielkiego Polaka Jana Kobylańskiego,
-przed ostatnimi wyborami wyzywał Polaków od bydła i dewiantów!!!
Zdecydowanie tej kandydaturze się sprzeciwiamy!
Uważamy, iż naszym zadaniem jest nie dopuścić, aby ten człowiek gdziekolwiek nas reprezentował i wypowiadał się w imieniu Polaków,
Przewodniczący Komitetu w/w obchodów musi spełniać następujące kryteria;
-był uczestnikiem walk zbrojnych w AK w II Wojnie Światowej,
-posiada krzyż Virtuti Militari, działał i działa na rzecz dobra Polski,
Ponadto musimy żądać od władz polskich współorganizowania wszystkich uroczystości państwowych, szczególnie związanych z historią naszego państwa.
Jesteśmy świadkami agonii Polski, większość tego nie widzi. Skutki zdrady i zaniedbania niebawem będą tak ogromne, że przyszłe pokolenia Polaków nigdy nam, znającym klęskę nie wybaczą braku zdecydowanej reakcji w odpowiednim momencie!!!
18.08.09
POPARCIE USOPAŁ
DLA PROTESTU ŚWIATOWEGO ZWIĄZKU ARMII KRAJOWEJ
UNIA STOWARZYSZEŃ I ORGANIZACJI POLSKICH W AMERYCE ŁACIŃSKIEJ WRAZ Z BRATNIMI ORGANIZACJAMI WSPÓŁPRACUJĄCYMI Z NAMI OD LAT STANOWCZO POPIERAMY PROTEST ŚWIATOWEGO ZWIĄZKU ARMII KRAJOWEJ.
Z WIELKIM ZDUMIENIEM I ZDZIWIENIEM PRZYJĘLIŚMY INFORMACJĘ O TYM, ŻE PREMIER TUSK POWOŁAŁ WŁADYSŁAWA BARTOSZEWSKIEGO NA GŁÓWNEGO REPREZENTANTA ŻÓŁNIERZY ARMII KRAJOWEJ PODCZAS OBCHODÓW 70-SIĄTEJ ROCZNICY WYBUCHU DRUGIEJ WOJNY.
UWAŻAMY, ŻE DECYZJA TA JEST BEZPRAWNA, UPOKARZAJĄCA I UBLIŻA ŻOŁNIERZOM ARMII KRAJOWEJ WALCZĄCEJ I TAK BOHATERSKIEJ ARMII PODCZAS DRUGIEJ WOJNY ŚWIATOWEJ.
W. BARTOSZEWSKI WIELOKROTNIE PRZYCZYNIŁ SIĘ SWOIMI WIELOKROTNYMI HANIEBNYMI DECYZJAMI I WYPOWIEDZIAMI NA SZKODĘ INTERESÓW NASZEJ OJCZYZNY.
BARTOSZEWSKI NIGDY NIE SPRZECIWIŁ SIĘ ATAKOM IZRAELA I ŚWIATOWYCH ORGANIZACJI ŻYDOWSKICH, KTÓRE ROSZCZĄ SOBIE PRAWA DO BEZPODSTAWNYCH ODSZKODOWAŃ WOBEC POLSKI I UWAŻAJĄ NASZ KRAJ ZA AGRESORA I WSPÓŁWINNYMI II WOJNY ŚWIATOWEJ.
PRZYŁĄCZAMY SIĘ DO PROTESTU ŚWIATOWEGO ZWIĄZKU ARMII KRAJOWEJ.
W imieniu USOPAŁ:
Jan Kobylański
Prezes USOPAŁ
Jerzy Skoryna
AK, SPK, USOPAŁ- Meksyk
Elżbieta Lutomska
Dyr. d/s kontaktów międzynarodowych
ŚWIATOWY ZWIĄZEK ARMII KRAJOWEJ
Zarząd Główny w Warszawie
Wrocław, 2009 r.
Pamięci walczących o Wolną Polskę
KIM SĄ MORDERCY INKI? PIOTR SZUBARCZYK - IPN Gdańsk
Pan Piotr Szubarczyk, pracownik Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej w Gdańsku, podaje nazwiska morderców z Urzędu Bezpieczeństwa, komunistycznego sądownictwa i prokuratury odpowiedzialnych za śmierć INKI, zbrodniarzy bezkarnych do dziś...
Fragment reportażu poświęconego pamięci Danuty Siedzikówny Inki, zrealizowanego i wyemitowanego przez TV Trwam w 2007 roku.
Obchody 70-tej rocznicy wywołania przez Niemców II Wojny Światowej, to dla Polaków szczególne wydarzenie, ponieważ Polska pierwsza stawiła opór hitlerowskiej agresji, a jej synowie walczyli o niepodległość na wszystkich frontach świata ponosząc olbrzymie ofiary. W nieistniejącej Polsce utworzono Armię Krajową, największą w pełni zorganizowaną podziemną armię świata. Jej żołnierze walczyli do końca Za ojczyznę zginęło ich wówczas ponad 100 tysięcy. Ci, którzy przeżyli w kraju i ci, którzy powrócili z innych frontów byli mordowani przez kolejnego najeźdźcę.
Po 45 latach odzyskaliśmy ponownie wolność. Wydawało się, że my żołnierze, wreszcie w naszej ojczyźnie zaznamy spokoju.
Ale na taki stan się nie zanosi, ponieważ grabież resztek majątku narodowego, zdrada i wypędzenia Polaków z własnego kraju są porażające.
Agresywny, nasilający się antypolonizm sieje spustoszenie nie tylko w świadomości Polaków, ale również w gospodarce!
Ze zgrozą obserwujemy narastającą germanizację, szczególnie na ziemiach odzyskanych. Jesteśmy w pełni świadomi, że to nowoczesna wojna, a my jesteśmy obiektem ataku!
Ważnym problemem są również politycy, którzy występują w imieniu Polaków, czy żołnierzy AK nie posiadający tytułu do reprezentowania, bo często wywodzą się ze struktur komunistycznych, lub stoją w sprzeczności z interesem narodowym.. Zwykle w takim przypadku są Polakami, a w innym skrzywdzonymi roszczeniowcami wobec nas.
Takim przykładem jest Władysław Bartoszewski. Z przerażeniem przyjęliśmy wiadomość, że ten człowiek będzie nas reprezentował podczas obchodów 70 rocznicy wybuchu II Wojny Światowej.
Z długiej listy zarzutów, które jego dyskwalifikują przedstawiamy kilka;
Wł. Bartoszewski przyjął od Niemców medal ku czci największego niemieckiego polakożercy lat 20-tych Gustawa Stresemanna,
-jako sekretarz kapituły Orderu Białego sprzeciwił się przyznaniu pośmiertnie Orderu Orła Białego gen, E. Fieldorfowi i rotmistrzowi Witoldowi Pileckiemu. Czy jego zasługi można porównać z zasługami Wielkich Polaków!?
-gdy był oficjalnym gościem Izraela jako polski minister spraw zagranicznych milczał jak grób w parlamencie izraelskim w czasie, gdy obrażano Polskę, gdy Polaków publicznie nazywano współwinnymi wraz z Niemcami zagłady Żydów,
-używa bezprawnie tytułu profesora nie będąc nigdy studentem wyższej uczelni, nie posiadając tytułu doktora i habilitacji. Co gorsze, ten tytuł nadali mu Niemcy!
-zgodził się na zamieszczenie w książce Niesiołowskiego cytatu z kłamliwym twierdzeniem, że jakoby zapisał on piękną kartę walki o Polskę z bronią w ręku. Są pytania; w jakim oddziale, przy jakiej ulicy i jakich ma świadków?
-nie zrobił nic, aby zaprotestować przeciwko brutalnej obławie policyjnej na 300 Polaków we Frankfurcie n/O, a potępioną przez 7 posłów niemieckich,
Przepraszał Niemców za przesiedlenia cytując Jana Józefa Lipskiego,
-zaniżył o 1 milion osób wbrew prawdziwym naukowym stwierdzeniom liczbę ofiar wojny w swym wystąpieniu w Bundestagu,
-w latach 60-tych mocno reagował na przejawy antypolonizmu, a milczy w tej sprawie, gdy fala tego zjawiska jest wielokrotnie większa,
-piętnował w Izraelu antyżydowskich „polskich ciemniaków”, a nie wypowiada się na temat skrajnych przejawów żydowskiego antypolonizmu.,
-jako były żołnierz AK i powstania warszawskiego nie reagował na potworne oszczerstwa rzucane na powstanie w artykule Cichego i na AK w tekście Yaffy Eliach,
-nie reagował na używane oszczerstwa na Polaków w sprawie twierdzenia; polskie obozy koncentracyjne, śmierci, zagłady,
-nie wystąpił nigdy, by potępić oszczerczy antypolonizm J.T. Grossa.
-odwołał z funkcji polskiego konsula honorowego, wielkiego Polaka Jana Kobylańskiego,
-przed ostatnimi wyborami wyzywał Polaków od bydła i dewiantów!!!
Zdecydowanie tej kandydaturze się sprzeciwiamy!
Uważamy, iż naszym zadaniem jest nie dopuścić, aby ten człowiek gdziekolwiek nas reprezentował i wypowiadał się w imieniu Polaków,
Przewodniczący Komitetu w/w obchodów musi spełniać następujące kryteria;
-był uczestnikiem walk zbrojnych w AK w II Wojnie Światowej,
-posiada krzyż Virtuti Militari, działał i działa na rzecz dobra Polski,
Ponadto musimy żądać od władz polskich współorganizowania wszystkich uroczystości państwowych, szczególnie związanych z historią naszego państwa.
Jesteśmy świadkami agonii Polski, większość tego nie widzi. Skutki zdrady i zaniedbania niebawem będą tak ogromne, że przyszłe pokolenia Polaków nigdy nam, znającym klęskę nie wybaczą braku zdecydowanej reakcji w odpowiednim momencie!!!
18.08.09
POPARCIE USOPAŁ
DLA PROTESTU ŚWIATOWEGO ZWIĄZKU ARMII KRAJOWEJ
UNIA STOWARZYSZEŃ I ORGANIZACJI POLSKICH W AMERYCE ŁACIŃSKIEJ WRAZ Z BRATNIMI ORGANIZACJAMI WSPÓŁPRACUJĄCYMI Z NAMI OD LAT STANOWCZO POPIERAMY PROTEST ŚWIATOWEGO ZWIĄZKU ARMII KRAJOWEJ.
Z WIELKIM ZDUMIENIEM I ZDZIWIENIEM PRZYJĘLIŚMY INFORMACJĘ O TYM, ŻE PREMIER TUSK POWOŁAŁ WŁADYSŁAWA BARTOSZEWSKIEGO NA GŁÓWNEGO REPREZENTANTA ŻÓŁNIERZY ARMII KRAJOWEJ PODCZAS OBCHODÓW 70-SIĄTEJ ROCZNICY WYBUCHU DRUGIEJ WOJNY.
UWAŻAMY, ŻE DECYZJA TA JEST BEZPRAWNA, UPOKARZAJĄCA I UBLIŻA ŻOŁNIERZOM ARMII KRAJOWEJ WALCZĄCEJ I TAK BOHATERSKIEJ ARMII PODCZAS DRUGIEJ WOJNY ŚWIATOWEJ.
W. BARTOSZEWSKI WIELOKROTNIE PRZYCZYNIŁ SIĘ SWOIMI WIELOKROTNYMI HANIEBNYMI DECYZJAMI I WYPOWIEDZIAMI NA SZKODĘ INTERESÓW NASZEJ OJCZYZNY.
BARTOSZEWSKI NIGDY NIE SPRZECIWIŁ SIĘ ATAKOM IZRAELA I ŚWIATOWYCH ORGANIZACJI ŻYDOWSKICH, KTÓRE ROSZCZĄ SOBIE PRAWA DO BEZPODSTAWNYCH ODSZKODOWAŃ WOBEC POLSKI I UWAŻAJĄ NASZ KRAJ ZA AGRESORA I WSPÓŁWINNYMI II WOJNY ŚWIATOWEJ.
PRZYŁĄCZAMY SIĘ DO PROTESTU ŚWIATOWEGO ZWIĄZKU ARMII KRAJOWEJ.
W imieniu USOPAŁ:
Jan Kobylański
Prezes USOPAŁ
Jerzy Skoryna
AK, SPK, USOPAŁ- Meksyk
Elżbieta Lutomska
Dyr. d/s kontaktów międzynarodowych
Thursday, August 27, 2009
How Poland did save hundreds of thousands of American Life's during the World War II Code Makers & Codebreakers Polish Cryptologists
How Poland did save hundreds of thousands of American Life's during the World War II Code Makers & Codebreakers Polish Cryptologists
America stole the glory for Enigma - and so did Britain\
It was seen as yet another blatant example of Hollywood hijacking acts of British heroism in the Second World War. The Prime Minister was among those who deplored the falsification of history in the film U-571, where American sailors, rather than the Royal Navy, are portrayed capturing the German Enigma code machine.
It was seen as yet another blatant example of Hollywood hijacking acts of British heroism in the Second World War. The Prime Minister was among those who deplored the falsification of history in the film U-571, where American sailors, rather than the Royal Navy, are portrayed capturing the German Enigma code machine.
But now there is a variation on the theme. Poles are complaining that the British are guilty of wrongly claiming credit for breaking the code. It was they who had achieved the first success and then passed the results to London.
Ewa Lipniacka of the Polish Social and Cultural Centre said "The Americans are just following the example of the British who have been stealing Polish thunder since the war.
British experts agree that the Poles have a case. Hugh Sebag-Montefiore, who has just published a book on the subject, Enigma: The Battle For The Code, said: " It is a fact that most people do not know that it was a Polish mathematician who first broke Enigma and the Poles have a right to feel aggrieved. However, they can't grab all the credit either. The breaking of Enigma was a complex affair and a lot of people were involved."
According to the latest research, the hunt to break the Enigma began with a German defence ministry official, Hans Thilo Schmidt, who passed information to the French secret service in November 1931. The material was offered to French and British code-breakers, but they decided they did not have enough to crack Enigma.
But the documents found their way to Marien Rejewski, a brilliant young mathematician from Krakow University who managed to reconstruct his own Enigma machine at the end of 1932. This enabled him and his colleagues to read some of the most sensitive German radio traffic throughout the 1930s.
The Poles did not tell their allies that they had broken the code until 1939. Then, with Poland about to fall, the Enigma machine Mr Rejewski had built was given to Stewart Menzies, the head of the Secret Intelligence Service, at Victoria Station, London.
The machine was hurriedly packed off to Bletchley Park, the Buckinghamshire mansion where a group of mathematicians, chess players and crossword solvers were tackling German codes. They discovered that the Germans had refined Enigma. The triumph of the Bletchley team lay in solving many of the these new twists. By mid January 1940, Enigma was being regularly broken, giving the allies an enormous advantage.
Apart from the feeling of getting short-changed over Enigma, many Poles feel their overall contribution to the war effort has received scant recognition. More than 1.2 million Free Polish servicemen fought against Germany, over 66,000 were killed and 133,700 wounded. Ms Lipniacka said: "The Poles have become used to having their contributions ignored. Perhaps we should stand up a bit more for ourselves."
In the spring of 1949, the German blitzkrieg crossed what had been the static battlefields of World War I trench warfare, covering in two months territory they had failed to capture between 1914 and 1918. In Asia, following the December 7, 1941, attack on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese expanded their empire into the Asian continent as well as the Philippines, which surrendered May 6, 1942.
While armies clashed, a battle of minds was fought over vital military information: troop strength, deployment, intended lines of defense, and targets. Codes protected battle plans and strategies; code breakers tried to unlock the keys to such plans.
The “Enigma” Secret
Some time ago, Dr. Elzbieta Ulanowska published an article in our “Forum” on the enormous contribution of Polish mathematicians in the victory over the Bolsheviks in 1920. Let me only remind readers that the Polish mathematicians deciphered the code used by the Red Army, so all the moves of the Red Army’s divisions were well known to the Polish leadership.
Many of us remember another, better known event in this history, when, again, Polish mathematicians played the main role. This is the Enigma Secret. And here’s how it all started. In 1927, or at the beginning of 1928, an innocent package has arrived from the German Reich at a customs office in Warsaw. According to the customs declaration, the package was supposed to be radio equipment. A representative of a German company demanded the return of the package prior to the customs inspection. This awakened a suspicion among the Polish customs officers who instantly contacted the Cipher Bureau of the II Department of the Main Headquarters. This institution was interested in new developments in the area of radio equipment. Since it was Saturday, the officers of the Cipher Office had enough time to examine the package in detail. The package contained a machine, which was subsequently dismantled and reassembled. Yes, it was a trade version of the Enigma ciphering machine patented by Arthur Scherbius. Its military analogue did not exist at that time. What is interesting is that this machine (a trade version) was available on the market.
The first ciphered dispatches were sent into the air space by military broadcasting stations on July 28, 1928. The efforts to decode these dispatches were fruitless. Major F. Pokorny, the head of the Cipher Bureau did not give up and in 1928-29, in Poznan, he organized cryptology lectures for students who spoke fluent German and had graduated in mathematics. Among these students were Marian Rejewski, Jerzy Rozycki, and Henryk Zygalski. After the completion of this course, a division of the Cipher Bureau in Poznan was organized. Starting September 1, 1932, the division was moved to the building of the Main Military Headquarters near Saski Square in Warsaw (since destroyed).
On cylinders, sheets and…beautiful women
As Mr. M. Rejewski recalls, “the military version of the Enigma had the shape of a portable typewriter. It had 26 keys marked with the letters of the Latin alphabet. Instead of individual characters it had a small board with 26 bulbs marked the same way as the keys. It was supplied by a normal battery. Enigma’s most important parts were ciphering cylinders mounted on one axis. A non-moving inverting cylinder was also installed. Each of the cylinders was equipped with a ring with 26 alphabet letters. From a distance it looked like a switch-over mechanism in a racing bicycle. When one was pattering the letters of the text, then the letters of consecutively lit bulbs were creating the coded text, or a cipher. Not going into the details of the construction of Enigma let us remark, that one could create 26! =403291461126605635564000000 different connections .The “Enigma” Secret between ciphering cylinders, adding to this also 7905853580025 possibilities of various invertible cylinders In this way the factory producing the Enigma could deliver to each recipient a machine with unique, non-repeating connections of the cylinders.
In this way the factory producing the Enigma could deliver to each recipient a machine with unique, non-repeating connections of the cylinders.
In contrast, all military versions of the Enigma had the same connections, so that the officers working on ciphers in various military units could easily communicate. This was possible provided these officers had the same key, along with the cylinder connection, the secret of Enigma.
It is estimated that during World War II between 100,000 and 200,000 Enigma machines like this were used.
In order to explain, even in general terms, the details pertaining to the role of the connections of the cylinders, and hence to understand what is happening inside the machine, one has to apply combinatorics, especially permutations. Rejewski and his colleagues were borrowing heavily from the theory of permutations , cycles, transpositions, etc.
Let me now explain the connection to Polish women. Well, our cryptologists noticed certain combinatorial regularities. For example in the following 9-letter long message, FDW KRM KSA, it happens that the fourth and the seventh letter is the same. When the fourth and the seventh letters, or the fifth and the eighth or the sixth and the ninth letters are the same – these situations were termed women. Apparently, 11 or 12 messages out of 100 are women. And why beautiful women? How could it be otherwise? One also has to mention Zygulski’s sheets, genius though time-consuming perforated sheets which were helpful in the determination of the sequence of rotors.
World War II and the Fate of our Cryptologists
With this complex situation, one has to be astonished at the arrogance of the German engineers who were certain that the Enigma codes were unbreakable. Remember, though, that cryptology was still in its infancy and as my colleague, Dr. Tom Korner of Cambridge University writes, even in 1996, Cambridge University Library stores its cryptology acquisitions in the paleography division, between stenography and ancient Greek. It turned out, as Marian Rejewski remarks, that in order to break the Enigma codes, one did not need to know the connections of the cylinders, nor the daily keys; what was needed was a certain number of these dispatches sent the given day – about 60 of them. With such a sample, one could recover the given password. In 1934, in Warsaw, the first (Polish) replica of the Enigma was built, by the company AVA. In July 1939, after a dinner in the restaurant of the Bristol Hotel, there was a secret meeting between French, British, and Polish cryptologists. The meeting took place in Kabackie Lasy, near the village Pyry, south of Warsaw. After a pleasant conversation in German (this was the language common to all the parties involved), the guests saw the Polish copies of the German Enigma. The French and the British could not believe that the Poles had prepared such gifts. Each of the cryptologists received one copy of the Enigma code along with the complete set of the related information.
On the 16th of August 1939, French General Gustave Bertrand carried one Enigma copy from Paris to London and personally delivered it to the head of British Intelligence, Commander Stewart Menzies. Less than two weeks later the German Army invaded Poland. The Polish Cipher Bureau and its employees were evacuated to Romania, whence they were transported to France, where they worked constantly to improve the German Enigma.
After the German invasion of France, our cryptologists tried to evacuate to Great Britain. However, while crossing the Spanish border, some of them fell into German captivity. Major Ciezki and engineer Palluth were arrested. Langner, Ciezki, and Palluth lectured at Adam Mickiewicz University to Rejewski, Zygalski, and Rozycki at the end of the 1920s. The engineer Palluth died on April 19, 1944, hit by a splinter of an Allied bomb during the air raid of the labor camp. Langner and Ciezki were placed in German camps as POWs and were released by the Allies. Jerzy Rozycki, the third of Wroclaw cryptologists was killed even earlier – on January 9th 1942 when the ship that he was on drowned in the Mediterranean Sea. Only Marian Rejewski and Henryk Zygalski made it to Great Britain. There they joined Polish military units. They were working on some German codes, but the British did not assign them to constantly improved Enigma codes. In light of Russian- British agreements even their unit was dismantled. After the war Marian Rejewski returned to Poland.
Before coming to the United States, as a young assistant professor at the Wroclaw University I took part in the meeting of the Polish Mathematical Society in Lodz. The honorary guest of that meeting was Mgr Marian Rejewski. The hall, filled with mathematicians, loudly applauded the modest Mr. Rejewski. He died in 1980. Dr. Zbigniew Piotrowski Translated by Sean Martin
America stole the glory for Enigma - and so did Britain\
It was seen as yet another blatant example of Hollywood hijacking acts of British heroism in the Second World War. The Prime Minister was among those who deplored the falsification of history in the film U-571, where American sailors, rather than the Royal Navy, are portrayed capturing the German Enigma code machine.
It was seen as yet another blatant example of Hollywood hijacking acts of British heroism in the Second World War. The Prime Minister was among those who deplored the falsification of history in the film U-571, where American sailors, rather than the Royal Navy, are portrayed capturing the German Enigma code machine.
But now there is a variation on the theme. Poles are complaining that the British are guilty of wrongly claiming credit for breaking the code. It was they who had achieved the first success and then passed the results to London.
Ewa Lipniacka of the Polish Social and Cultural Centre said "The Americans are just following the example of the British who have been stealing Polish thunder since the war.
British experts agree that the Poles have a case. Hugh Sebag-Montefiore, who has just published a book on the subject, Enigma: The Battle For The Code, said: " It is a fact that most people do not know that it was a Polish mathematician who first broke Enigma and the Poles have a right to feel aggrieved. However, they can't grab all the credit either. The breaking of Enigma was a complex affair and a lot of people were involved."
According to the latest research, the hunt to break the Enigma began with a German defence ministry official, Hans Thilo Schmidt, who passed information to the French secret service in November 1931. The material was offered to French and British code-breakers, but they decided they did not have enough to crack Enigma.
But the documents found their way to Marien Rejewski, a brilliant young mathematician from Krakow University who managed to reconstruct his own Enigma machine at the end of 1932. This enabled him and his colleagues to read some of the most sensitive German radio traffic throughout the 1930s.
The Poles did not tell their allies that they had broken the code until 1939. Then, with Poland about to fall, the Enigma machine Mr Rejewski had built was given to Stewart Menzies, the head of the Secret Intelligence Service, at Victoria Station, London.
The machine was hurriedly packed off to Bletchley Park, the Buckinghamshire mansion where a group of mathematicians, chess players and crossword solvers were tackling German codes. They discovered that the Germans had refined Enigma. The triumph of the Bletchley team lay in solving many of the these new twists. By mid January 1940, Enigma was being regularly broken, giving the allies an enormous advantage.
Apart from the feeling of getting short-changed over Enigma, many Poles feel their overall contribution to the war effort has received scant recognition. More than 1.2 million Free Polish servicemen fought against Germany, over 66,000 were killed and 133,700 wounded. Ms Lipniacka said: "The Poles have become used to having their contributions ignored. Perhaps we should stand up a bit more for ourselves."
In the spring of 1949, the German blitzkrieg crossed what had been the static battlefields of World War I trench warfare, covering in two months territory they had failed to capture between 1914 and 1918. In Asia, following the December 7, 1941, attack on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese expanded their empire into the Asian continent as well as the Philippines, which surrendered May 6, 1942.
While armies clashed, a battle of minds was fought over vital military information: troop strength, deployment, intended lines of defense, and targets. Codes protected battle plans and strategies; code breakers tried to unlock the keys to such plans.
The “Enigma” Secret
Some time ago, Dr. Elzbieta Ulanowska published an article in our “Forum” on the enormous contribution of Polish mathematicians in the victory over the Bolsheviks in 1920. Let me only remind readers that the Polish mathematicians deciphered the code used by the Red Army, so all the moves of the Red Army’s divisions were well known to the Polish leadership.
Many of us remember another, better known event in this history, when, again, Polish mathematicians played the main role. This is the Enigma Secret. And here’s how it all started. In 1927, or at the beginning of 1928, an innocent package has arrived from the German Reich at a customs office in Warsaw. According to the customs declaration, the package was supposed to be radio equipment. A representative of a German company demanded the return of the package prior to the customs inspection. This awakened a suspicion among the Polish customs officers who instantly contacted the Cipher Bureau of the II Department of the Main Headquarters. This institution was interested in new developments in the area of radio equipment. Since it was Saturday, the officers of the Cipher Office had enough time to examine the package in detail. The package contained a machine, which was subsequently dismantled and reassembled. Yes, it was a trade version of the Enigma ciphering machine patented by Arthur Scherbius. Its military analogue did not exist at that time. What is interesting is that this machine (a trade version) was available on the market.
The first ciphered dispatches were sent into the air space by military broadcasting stations on July 28, 1928. The efforts to decode these dispatches were fruitless. Major F. Pokorny, the head of the Cipher Bureau did not give up and in 1928-29, in Poznan, he organized cryptology lectures for students who spoke fluent German and had graduated in mathematics. Among these students were Marian Rejewski, Jerzy Rozycki, and Henryk Zygalski. After the completion of this course, a division of the Cipher Bureau in Poznan was organized. Starting September 1, 1932, the division was moved to the building of the Main Military Headquarters near Saski Square in Warsaw (since destroyed).
On cylinders, sheets and…beautiful women
As Mr. M. Rejewski recalls, “the military version of the Enigma had the shape of a portable typewriter. It had 26 keys marked with the letters of the Latin alphabet. Instead of individual characters it had a small board with 26 bulbs marked the same way as the keys. It was supplied by a normal battery. Enigma’s most important parts were ciphering cylinders mounted on one axis. A non-moving inverting cylinder was also installed. Each of the cylinders was equipped with a ring with 26 alphabet letters. From a distance it looked like a switch-over mechanism in a racing bicycle. When one was pattering the letters of the text, then the letters of consecutively lit bulbs were creating the coded text, or a cipher. Not going into the details of the construction of Enigma let us remark, that one could create 26! =403291461126605635564000000 different connections .The “Enigma” Secret between ciphering cylinders, adding to this also 7905853580025 possibilities of various invertible cylinders In this way the factory producing the Enigma could deliver to each recipient a machine with unique, non-repeating connections of the cylinders.
In this way the factory producing the Enigma could deliver to each recipient a machine with unique, non-repeating connections of the cylinders.
In contrast, all military versions of the Enigma had the same connections, so that the officers working on ciphers in various military units could easily communicate. This was possible provided these officers had the same key, along with the cylinder connection, the secret of Enigma.
It is estimated that during World War II between 100,000 and 200,000 Enigma machines like this were used.
In order to explain, even in general terms, the details pertaining to the role of the connections of the cylinders, and hence to understand what is happening inside the machine, one has to apply combinatorics, especially permutations. Rejewski and his colleagues were borrowing heavily from the theory of permutations , cycles, transpositions, etc.
Let me now explain the connection to Polish women. Well, our cryptologists noticed certain combinatorial regularities. For example in the following 9-letter long message, FDW KRM KSA, it happens that the fourth and the seventh letter is the same. When the fourth and the seventh letters, or the fifth and the eighth or the sixth and the ninth letters are the same – these situations were termed women. Apparently, 11 or 12 messages out of 100 are women. And why beautiful women? How could it be otherwise? One also has to mention Zygulski’s sheets, genius though time-consuming perforated sheets which were helpful in the determination of the sequence of rotors.
World War II and the Fate of our Cryptologists
With this complex situation, one has to be astonished at the arrogance of the German engineers who were certain that the Enigma codes were unbreakable. Remember, though, that cryptology was still in its infancy and as my colleague, Dr. Tom Korner of Cambridge University writes, even in 1996, Cambridge University Library stores its cryptology acquisitions in the paleography division, between stenography and ancient Greek. It turned out, as Marian Rejewski remarks, that in order to break the Enigma codes, one did not need to know the connections of the cylinders, nor the daily keys; what was needed was a certain number of these dispatches sent the given day – about 60 of them. With such a sample, one could recover the given password. In 1934, in Warsaw, the first (Polish) replica of the Enigma was built, by the company AVA. In July 1939, after a dinner in the restaurant of the Bristol Hotel, there was a secret meeting between French, British, and Polish cryptologists. The meeting took place in Kabackie Lasy, near the village Pyry, south of Warsaw. After a pleasant conversation in German (this was the language common to all the parties involved), the guests saw the Polish copies of the German Enigma. The French and the British could not believe that the Poles had prepared such gifts. Each of the cryptologists received one copy of the Enigma code along with the complete set of the related information.
On the 16th of August 1939, French General Gustave Bertrand carried one Enigma copy from Paris to London and personally delivered it to the head of British Intelligence, Commander Stewart Menzies. Less than two weeks later the German Army invaded Poland. The Polish Cipher Bureau and its employees were evacuated to Romania, whence they were transported to France, where they worked constantly to improve the German Enigma.
After the German invasion of France, our cryptologists tried to evacuate to Great Britain. However, while crossing the Spanish border, some of them fell into German captivity. Major Ciezki and engineer Palluth were arrested. Langner, Ciezki, and Palluth lectured at Adam Mickiewicz University to Rejewski, Zygalski, and Rozycki at the end of the 1920s. The engineer Palluth died on April 19, 1944, hit by a splinter of an Allied bomb during the air raid of the labor camp. Langner and Ciezki were placed in German camps as POWs and were released by the Allies. Jerzy Rozycki, the third of Wroclaw cryptologists was killed even earlier – on January 9th 1942 when the ship that he was on drowned in the Mediterranean Sea. Only Marian Rejewski and Henryk Zygalski made it to Great Britain. There they joined Polish military units. They were working on some German codes, but the British did not assign them to constantly improved Enigma codes. In light of Russian- British agreements even their unit was dismantled. After the war Marian Rejewski returned to Poland.
Before coming to the United States, as a young assistant professor at the Wroclaw University I took part in the meeting of the Polish Mathematical Society in Lodz. The honorary guest of that meeting was Mgr Marian Rejewski. The hall, filled with mathematicians, loudly applauded the modest Mr. Rejewski. He died in 1980. Dr. Zbigniew Piotrowski Translated by Sean Martin
70th anniversary of the outbreak of World War II and and betrayal of Poland president od US Obama is not coming.
70th anniversary of the outbreak of World War II and and betrayal of Poland president od US Obama is not coming.
Geneza paktu Ribbentrop Mołotow i początku II Wojny Światowej
Pact Ribbentrop - Molotov and beginning of the Second World War
Polski rząd nic nie robi (przepraszam - robi jedynie pod siebie), więc odpowiedzialność spada na obywateli. A dzie jest Polska Dyplomacja z Radoslawem Sikorskim. A gdzie Polski Rzad Tuska?
Prisimy o listy protestow:
Biuro Rzecznika Prasowego MSZ / MFA Press Spokesman
Rzecznik Prasowy: Piotr Paszkowski
Dyrektor Biura: Alicja Rakowska
Kontakty z mediami.
Spokesman for the Minister.
rzecznik@msz.gov.pl
brp.sekretariat@msz.gov.pl
tel. (+48-22) 5239356
fax. (+48-22) 5239099
Informacja konsularna / Consular Information
tel. (+48-22) 5239451
Kancelaria Prezesa Rady Ministrów
00-583 Warszawa, Al. Ujazdowskie 1/3
tel.: 022 6946000
faks: 022 6252637
Dziennik Podawczy
00-582 Warszawa, Al. J.Ch. Szucha 14
(w godz. 815 - 1615)
Centrala telefoniczna Kancelarii Sejmu Polski:
+48 (22) 694 25 00
Zadania i kompetencje Ministra Spraw Zagranicznych RP
1. Wynikające z Ustawy z dnia 4 września 1997 r. o działach administracji rządowej:
Utrzymywanie stosunków Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z innymi państwami oraz organizacjami międzynarodowymi,
Reprezentowanie i ochrona interesów Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej i jej obywateli oraz polskich osób prawnych za granicą,
Współpraca z Polakami zamieszkałymi za granicą, w tym wspieranie polskich instytucji kulturalnych i oświatowych za granicą,
Promocja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej i języka polskiego za granicą,
Ustalanie organizacji i kierowanie działalnością przedstawicielstw dyplomatycznych i urzędów konsularnych,
Inicjowanie i opracowywanie polityki Rady Ministrów w dziale spraw zagranicznych, przedkładanie w tym zakresie inicjatyw i projektów aktów normatywnych na posiedzenia Rady Ministrów,
Realizacja polityki Rady Ministrów i koordynacja jej wykonywania przez organy, urzędy i jednostki organizacyjne, które jemu podlegają lub są przez niego nadzorowane,
W celu realizacji zadań, współdziałanie z innymi członkami Rady Ministrów, Rządowym Centrum Studiów Strategicznych, innymi organami administracji rządowej i państwowymi jednostkami organizacyjnymi, organami samorządu terytorialnego, jak również z organami samorządu gospodarczego, zawodowego, związków zawodowych i organizacji pracodawców oraz innych organizacji społecznych i przedstawicielstw środowisk zawodowych i twórczych.
70th anniversary of the outbreak of World War II and and betrayal of Poland president od US Obama is not comming.
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On September 1, 1939, at 04:45 local time 70th anniversary of the outbreak of World War II at Westerplatte Poland with no American Delegation. Where is president Obama, Vice President Biden or Secretary of state Hillary Clinton?
Polish American Community and people of Poland one of the US strongest allied are outrage that US is not sending high ranking delegation to this event.
70th anniversary of the outbreak of World War II at Westerplatte will be attended by German chancellor Angela Merkel and Russian prime minister Vladimir Putin and other 69 Heads of States and Governments will Participante.Among those expected to be present at the Westerplatte monument on 1 September are also the prime ministers of Netherlands, Sweden, Italy, the Baltic states, Finland, as well as European Parliament president Jerzy Buzek. France and the UK, which were Poland's allies in 1939, will be represented by foreign ministers Bernard Kouchner and David Miliband.
But not from United States of America
To the entire world Westerplatte ( the Polish Thermopile ) in Poland is like Pearl Harbor to American people.
Westerplatte (1967) part03 [English Subtitles] Polish war movie
Clips from CBC mini documentary about Poland's contribution to the war effort. Polish pilots of the RAF. Betrayal of Poland by Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin.
Over the course of the violent engagement some 2,600 German soldiers fought against the 205-strong garrison of stalwart Poles. The exact number of German casualties has never been disclosed, but is assumed to be quite high in comparison to the Polish figures - of the 205 Polish soldiers defending the outpost, only 14 perished (including the Polish radio operator, later executed for refusing to divulge radio codes to the German side) while 53 were wounded.
On September 1, 1939, at 04:45 local time, as Germany began its invasion of Poland, Schleswig-Holstein started to shell the Polish garrison. This was followed by a repelled attack by German naval infantry. Another two assaults that day were repelled as well. Over the coming days, the Germans repeatedly bombarded Westerplatte with naval and heavy field artillery along with dive-bombing raids by Junkers Ju 87 Stukas. Repeated attacks of 3500 German soldiers were repelled by the 180 Polish soldiers for seven days. Major Henryk Sucharski had been informed that no help from the Polish Army would come but still he decided to defend to relieve attacks on Polish coast - most of the German forces were engaged in the attacks on Westerplatte. On September 7th Major Henryk Sucharski decided to surrender due to lack of ammunition and supplies. As a sign of honor for the soldiers of Westerplatte, German commander, Gen. Eberhardt, allowed Mjr. Sucharski to keep his officer's sword while being taken prisoner.
Westerplatte Defenders Repulse Attacks From Sea, Air and Land; 70 to 200 Polish 'Suicide Troops' Shatter Two German Attempts to Storm Fortress After Plane and Ship Bombardments.
A band of Polish soldiers who for six days fought a "battle of the Alamo" under constant German siege today surrendered Westerplatte Fortress in Danzig Harbor, where the first shot of the European war was fired, according to announcement in Berlin
Westerplatte - il cimitero dei soldati caduti durante i combattimenti nel settembre 1939. Al centro la lapide del comandante, il maggiore Henryk Sucharski. L'avamposto militare di Westerplatte, secondo i piani strategici di difesa, doveva resistere al nemico soltanto 12 ore in attesa dell'arrivo dei soccorsi. Aveva invece resistito sette giorni agli attacchi furiosi della nave corazzata "Schlezwig-Holstein", della fanteria e delle forze aeree tedesche.
Sep 1, 1939 - Am 1. September 1939, einen Tag nachdem der Senat die Verdienstmedaille Danziger Kreuz beschlossen hatte, beschoss die Wehrmacht die Westerplatte, und im Gefecht um das Polnische Postamt in Danzig wurde dieses Gebäude erstürmt. Zudem trafen Truppen der.
Sep 1, 1939 - Pouco faltava para as cinco da manhã de 1 de Setembro de 1939, quando o couraçado alemão Schleswig-Holstein, ancorado na foz do Vístula no interior da Cidade Livre de Gdańsk começou a bombardear a guarnição militar polaca em Westerplatte.
Sep 2, 1939 - "The commander in chief greets the gallant garrison at Westerplatte and expects every man to stick to his sanguinary post." BY ANDREAS BACKER. I ... The call for sacrifice was directed at the "suicide battalion" which mans the Polish munitions dump of Westerplatte off Danzig harbor.
Sep 4, 1939 - After three days of bombardment from sea and air, a little Polish garrison still held the Westerplatte munitions base in Danzig Harbor tonight. ... Thirty airplanes dropped between fifty and sixty bombs on the Westerplatte yesterday, but the Poles still retaliated with machine-gun fire.
Sep 7, 1939 - When this writer left the Nazi-held city of Danzig yesterday morning a small force of Polish soldiers--between 70 and 200 of them--still resisted valiantly in Westerplatte fortress after four days of a fierce siege. Machine-gun fire from the Polish garrison shattered completely two ...
Sep 8, 1939 - A band of Polish soldiers who for six days fought a "battle of the Alamo" under constant German siege today surrendered Westerplatte Fortress in ... The Schleswig-Holstein steamed into position early is the day; trained her gone on the Westerplatte and blasted away: All that , day the ...
Sep 10, 1939 - They were aimed at the Westerplatte, a small Polish fortress, on a Danzig peninsula.. For nearly a week after Danzig had been proclaimed by Adolf Hitler a part of the Reich and German troops had occupied the city, the Polish garrison of the Westerplatte held out. ...
Today the ruins of the barracks and two blockhouses - the only structures on the island - still remain. One of the blockhouses has been converted into a museum commemorating the battle and those who fought there, with two shells from the Schleswig-Holstein ironically propping the entrance. A placid 25m tall stone monument now marks the site of this infamous exchange that preceded the levelling of Gdansk's Old Town and sparked a worldwide conflict that would result in immeasurable suffering (particularly in Poland). Though it is outside the city, Westerplatte is a worthwhile venture for anyone visiting Gdansk; like so many sights in Poland, it is haunted by it's troubling history in the face of a beautiful natural environment.
Gdansk's picturesque Westerplatte peninsula has the unhappy distinction of being the site of the official start of the Second World War. A small forested island separated from Gdansk by the harbour channel, Westerplatte was established as a Polish military outpost during the interwar period, equipped with one 75mm field gun, two 37mm antitank guns (slightly mystifying for a coastal defense), four mortars and several medium machine guns, but lacking any true fortifications. By the autumn of 1939, the Polish garrison occupying Westerplatte comprised of 182 soldiers expected to withstand a potential attack for twelve hours.
In late August, 1939, under the suspect pretense of an amiable courtesy visit, the German battleship Schleswig-Holstein dropped anchor in the channel off Westerplatte and on September 1, at exactly 04:45 local time, began it's barrage of the Polish outpost with its superior 280 and 150mm guns. Thus began Germany's invasion of Poland, igniting the powderkeg that would explode into World War II.
Expecting an easy victory, the German offensive was sternly repelled by Polish small arms and machine gun fire, and suffered unexpected losses during two more assaults upon Westerplatte the same day. The only Polish 75mm gun was destroyed after discharging 28 shells into the German position across the channel. Despite a German naval infantry invasion, sustained bombardment by heavy artillery and diving airraids from German warplanes, the Polish garrison repulsed the Germans for seven days, before the depleted unit, suffering from exhaustion, severe injury and a shortage of food, water, ammunition and medical supplies, was forced to surrender on September 7th.
A Song of the Soldiers of Westerplatte
Boleslaw Prus
When their days had been filled
and it was time to die in the summer,
They went straight to heaven in a coach-and-four,
the soldiers of Westerplatte.
(Summer was beautiful that year.)
They sang: "Ah, ‘tis nothing
that our wounds were so painful,
for now it is sweet to walk
the heavenly fields."
(On earth that year there was plenty of heather for bouquets.)
In Gdansk we stood like a wall
in defiance of the German offensive,
now we soar among the clouds,
we soldiers of Westerplatte.
Those with keen sense of sight
and sound are said to have heard
in the clouds the measured step
of the Maratime Batallion.
This was the song they heard: "We'll
take advantage of the sunshine
and bask in the warm days
in the heather fields of paradise.
But when the cold wind blows
and sorrow courses the earth,
We'll float down to the center of Warsaw,
The soldiers of Westerplatte."
-translated by Walter Whipple
1st September 1939
At 04.30 Stuka dive-bombers prematurely bombed the bridge at Tczew in the Pomeranian Corridor. SS troops dressed in Polish uniforms attacked the radio station at Gleiwitz and broadcast inflammatory statements urging Polish minorities to take up arms against Hitler. For a touch of realism, several bodies of concentration inmates dressed in Polish uniforms, were left behind as 'evidence' for journalists (Zaloga and Madej, 1991) to report on.
The Free City of Danzig was heavily shelled and bombed, inflicting heavy casualties upon the civilian population and military coastal defences or navy flotillas. In Danzig, the defenders, particularly civilian volunteers were shot. The Army Pomorze faced the 4th Army whose tactic was to isolate them in the north from the rest of the Polish Forces and then link up with the Third Army and attack Warsaw.
Daylong fighting produced at times, scenes of sheer heroism. The Pomorska Cavalry Brigade had been in contacts with the German 20th Motorized Infantry Division. Colonel Masterlarz had half the unit mount up and attempted a surprise attack from the rear. Catching an infantry battalion by surprise in a woodland clearing, the sabre attack wiped them out. Legends and myths were borne of cavalry units taking on armoured vehicles. However, what is forgotten, is that the cavalry units carried anti-tank weapons for rapid deployment (Zaloga and Madej, 1991).
On the Prussian Front the German Third Army broke through defences to the north of Warsaw. Ground attacks started at 05.00 and aimed to knock out the heavy fortifications at Mlawa. It was on this front that the Polish Mazowiecka Cavalry Brigade had a number of sabre clashes with the German First Cavalry Brigade (Zaloga and Madej,1991) thus marking an end to mounted warfare. The Polish Special Operational Group Narew had virtually no contacts with German forces due to the restraining action of the Polish Third Army and therefore effectively denied rapid gains on this front.
The heaviest fighting took place in the Southwest, a front covered by Army Lodz and further south, Army Krakow. Army Poznan in the centre saw little action or contact on the first day of fighting. The German Eighth and Tenth Armies pushed through the massive densely forested areas with major infantry clashes en route. The Wolynska Cavalry Brigade successfully countered attacks by the German 4th Panzer Division whose poor co-ordination in attack delayed advance and lost equipment. This front was geographicaly the most diverse and faced the largest concentration of mechanized troops. The heaviest fighting was around the industrial zone of Katowice. In the south, the 44th and 45th Infantry Divisions attacked throught the Jablonkow Pass near Karwina and Cieszyn which were lightly defended. In the southern mountainous area, the XXII Panzer Corps attacked just below Nowy Targ at the Dunajec river which was defended by the 1st KOP Regiment and National Guard Zakopane Battalion. Army Krakow was forced to commit support to stem the attack which was temporarily held.
Outflanked and harassed by German guerrilla units, Army Krakow had to deal with a large number of armed German units set up by the Abwehr to carry out sabotage.
Once the Germans broke through the various fronts, poor communications impeded any chance of reforming on a grand scale. From the 10th until 18th September Polish units were able to reform quickly and still were able to harass and inflict serious damage. For field commanders like Anders, confusion and contradictory orders added to the pain and humiliation of the inevitable defeat. Units attempted to move south-east despite heavy co-ordinated artillery bombardments. Soldiers and civilians who were able to bear arms bravely defended and resisted for as long as possible as they moved behind the Vistula. Encirclement began and 60,000 troops were destroyed at Radom. Partisan units were organized and regular army units kept moving southeast in order to gain supplies of food and munitions and regroup to avoid annihilation once the Russians entered the war on 17th September.
Field commanders moved as many of the remnants of the army to an escape route which led to Romania and Hungary . Units breached German lines on 22nd September before Soviet troops blocked all routes. Poland finally fell on the 6th October as the last organized resistance was crushed at Hel and Kock. Zaloga and Madej (1991) estimated the Germans took 587,000 prisoners and the Soviets 200,000. Anders (1949) estimated between 200 - 300,000 escaped into Romania and Hungary through the Dukla Pass. Those who were caught by the Soviets may have been far higher (Anders, 1949). Fiedotov, an NKVD general estimated it to be nearer 475,000. However, if all those arrested including White Russians, Jews and political prisoners, the number was between 1.5 and 1.6m people. Transported to the Gulags, few survived.
One of Poland's greatest gifts towards the war effort was to have captured an Ultra machine (Stafford, 1997) early in the conflict. The true value of this encryption machine was instantly recognised by Polish and French code-breakers. Unfortunately, true recognition of its significance came later and the thanks given to the Poles hardly covers couple of sentences in either archives or in historical text..
Please write letters and call office of the President Obama, Vice President Biden and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton why US is not sending high ranking delegation to Poland 70th anniversary of the outbreak of World War II?
You can also call or write to the President:
The White House
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20500
Please include your e-mail address
Phone Numbers
Comments: 202-456-1111
Switchboard: 202-456-1414
FAX: 202-456-2461
TTY/TDD
Comments: 202-456-6213
Visitors Office: 202-456-2121
Vice President Joe Biden
The White House
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20500
Rahm Emanuel
Deputy Chiefs of Staff
Jim Messina
Mona Sutphen
Senior Advisors
David Axelrod
Valerie Jarrett
Pete Rouse
Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton
U.S. Department of State
2201 C Street NW
Washington, DC 20520
Main Switchboard:
202-647-4000
Geneza paktu Ribbentrop Mołotow i początku II Wojny Światowej
Pact Ribbentrop - Molotov and beginning of the Second World War
Polski rząd nic nie robi (przepraszam - robi jedynie pod siebie), więc odpowiedzialność spada na obywateli. A dzie jest Polska Dyplomacja z Radoslawem Sikorskim. A gdzie Polski Rzad Tuska?
Prisimy o listy protestow:
Biuro Rzecznika Prasowego MSZ / MFA Press Spokesman
Rzecznik Prasowy: Piotr Paszkowski
Dyrektor Biura: Alicja Rakowska
Kontakty z mediami.
Spokesman for the Minister.
rzecznik@msz.gov.pl
brp.sekretariat@msz.gov.pl
tel. (+48-22) 5239356
fax. (+48-22) 5239099
Informacja konsularna / Consular Information
tel. (+48-22) 5239451
Kancelaria Prezesa Rady Ministrów
00-583 Warszawa, Al. Ujazdowskie 1/3
tel.: 022 6946000
faks: 022 6252637
Dziennik Podawczy
00-582 Warszawa, Al. J.Ch. Szucha 14
(w godz. 815 - 1615)
Centrala telefoniczna Kancelarii Sejmu Polski:
+48 (22) 694 25 00
Zadania i kompetencje Ministra Spraw Zagranicznych RP
1. Wynikające z Ustawy z dnia 4 września 1997 r. o działach administracji rządowej:
Utrzymywanie stosunków Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z innymi państwami oraz organizacjami międzynarodowymi,
Reprezentowanie i ochrona interesów Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej i jej obywateli oraz polskich osób prawnych za granicą,
Współpraca z Polakami zamieszkałymi za granicą, w tym wspieranie polskich instytucji kulturalnych i oświatowych za granicą,
Promocja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej i języka polskiego za granicą,
Ustalanie organizacji i kierowanie działalnością przedstawicielstw dyplomatycznych i urzędów konsularnych,
Inicjowanie i opracowywanie polityki Rady Ministrów w dziale spraw zagranicznych, przedkładanie w tym zakresie inicjatyw i projektów aktów normatywnych na posiedzenia Rady Ministrów,
Realizacja polityki Rady Ministrów i koordynacja jej wykonywania przez organy, urzędy i jednostki organizacyjne, które jemu podlegają lub są przez niego nadzorowane,
W celu realizacji zadań, współdziałanie z innymi członkami Rady Ministrów, Rządowym Centrum Studiów Strategicznych, innymi organami administracji rządowej i państwowymi jednostkami organizacyjnymi, organami samorządu terytorialnego, jak również z organami samorządu gospodarczego, zawodowego, związków zawodowych i organizacji pracodawców oraz innych organizacji społecznych i przedstawicielstw środowisk zawodowych i twórczych.
70th anniversary of the outbreak of World War II and and betrayal of Poland president od US Obama is not comming.
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PART2
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PART4
PART5
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PART7
PART8
PART9
PART10
On September 1, 1939, at 04:45 local time 70th anniversary of the outbreak of World War II at Westerplatte Poland with no American Delegation. Where is president Obama, Vice President Biden or Secretary of state Hillary Clinton?
Polish American Community and people of Poland one of the US strongest allied are outrage that US is not sending high ranking delegation to this event.
70th anniversary of the outbreak of World War II at Westerplatte will be attended by German chancellor Angela Merkel and Russian prime minister Vladimir Putin and other 69 Heads of States and Governments will Participante.Among those expected to be present at the Westerplatte monument on 1 September are also the prime ministers of Netherlands, Sweden, Italy, the Baltic states, Finland, as well as European Parliament president Jerzy Buzek. France and the UK, which were Poland's allies in 1939, will be represented by foreign ministers Bernard Kouchner and David Miliband.
But not from United States of America
To the entire world Westerplatte ( the Polish Thermopile ) in Poland is like Pearl Harbor to American people.
Westerplatte (1967) part03 [English Subtitles] Polish war movie
Clips from CBC mini documentary about Poland's contribution to the war effort. Polish pilots of the RAF. Betrayal of Poland by Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin.
Over the course of the violent engagement some 2,600 German soldiers fought against the 205-strong garrison of stalwart Poles. The exact number of German casualties has never been disclosed, but is assumed to be quite high in comparison to the Polish figures - of the 205 Polish soldiers defending the outpost, only 14 perished (including the Polish radio operator, later executed for refusing to divulge radio codes to the German side) while 53 were wounded.
On September 1, 1939, at 04:45 local time, as Germany began its invasion of Poland, Schleswig-Holstein started to shell the Polish garrison. This was followed by a repelled attack by German naval infantry. Another two assaults that day were repelled as well. Over the coming days, the Germans repeatedly bombarded Westerplatte with naval and heavy field artillery along with dive-bombing raids by Junkers Ju 87 Stukas. Repeated attacks of 3500 German soldiers were repelled by the 180 Polish soldiers for seven days. Major Henryk Sucharski had been informed that no help from the Polish Army would come but still he decided to defend to relieve attacks on Polish coast - most of the German forces were engaged in the attacks on Westerplatte. On September 7th Major Henryk Sucharski decided to surrender due to lack of ammunition and supplies. As a sign of honor for the soldiers of Westerplatte, German commander, Gen. Eberhardt, allowed Mjr. Sucharski to keep his officer's sword while being taken prisoner.
Westerplatte Defenders Repulse Attacks From Sea, Air and Land; 70 to 200 Polish 'Suicide Troops' Shatter Two German Attempts to Storm Fortress After Plane and Ship Bombardments.
A band of Polish soldiers who for six days fought a "battle of the Alamo" under constant German siege today surrendered Westerplatte Fortress in Danzig Harbor, where the first shot of the European war was fired, according to announcement in Berlin
Westerplatte - il cimitero dei soldati caduti durante i combattimenti nel settembre 1939. Al centro la lapide del comandante, il maggiore Henryk Sucharski. L'avamposto militare di Westerplatte, secondo i piani strategici di difesa, doveva resistere al nemico soltanto 12 ore in attesa dell'arrivo dei soccorsi. Aveva invece resistito sette giorni agli attacchi furiosi della nave corazzata "Schlezwig-Holstein", della fanteria e delle forze aeree tedesche.
Sep 1, 1939 - Am 1. September 1939, einen Tag nachdem der Senat die Verdienstmedaille Danziger Kreuz beschlossen hatte, beschoss die Wehrmacht die Westerplatte, und im Gefecht um das Polnische Postamt in Danzig wurde dieses Gebäude erstürmt. Zudem trafen Truppen der.
Sep 1, 1939 - Pouco faltava para as cinco da manhã de 1 de Setembro de 1939, quando o couraçado alemão Schleswig-Holstein, ancorado na foz do Vístula no interior da Cidade Livre de Gdańsk começou a bombardear a guarnição militar polaca em Westerplatte.
Sep 2, 1939 - "The commander in chief greets the gallant garrison at Westerplatte and expects every man to stick to his sanguinary post." BY ANDREAS BACKER. I ... The call for sacrifice was directed at the "suicide battalion" which mans the Polish munitions dump of Westerplatte off Danzig harbor.
Sep 4, 1939 - After three days of bombardment from sea and air, a little Polish garrison still held the Westerplatte munitions base in Danzig Harbor tonight. ... Thirty airplanes dropped between fifty and sixty bombs on the Westerplatte yesterday, but the Poles still retaliated with machine-gun fire.
Sep 7, 1939 - When this writer left the Nazi-held city of Danzig yesterday morning a small force of Polish soldiers--between 70 and 200 of them--still resisted valiantly in Westerplatte fortress after four days of a fierce siege. Machine-gun fire from the Polish garrison shattered completely two ...
Sep 8, 1939 - A band of Polish soldiers who for six days fought a "battle of the Alamo" under constant German siege today surrendered Westerplatte Fortress in ... The Schleswig-Holstein steamed into position early is the day; trained her gone on the Westerplatte and blasted away: All that , day the ...
Sep 10, 1939 - They were aimed at the Westerplatte, a small Polish fortress, on a Danzig peninsula.. For nearly a week after Danzig had been proclaimed by Adolf Hitler a part of the Reich and German troops had occupied the city, the Polish garrison of the Westerplatte held out. ...
Today the ruins of the barracks and two blockhouses - the only structures on the island - still remain. One of the blockhouses has been converted into a museum commemorating the battle and those who fought there, with two shells from the Schleswig-Holstein ironically propping the entrance. A placid 25m tall stone monument now marks the site of this infamous exchange that preceded the levelling of Gdansk's Old Town and sparked a worldwide conflict that would result in immeasurable suffering (particularly in Poland). Though it is outside the city, Westerplatte is a worthwhile venture for anyone visiting Gdansk; like so many sights in Poland, it is haunted by it's troubling history in the face of a beautiful natural environment.
Gdansk's picturesque Westerplatte peninsula has the unhappy distinction of being the site of the official start of the Second World War. A small forested island separated from Gdansk by the harbour channel, Westerplatte was established as a Polish military outpost during the interwar period, equipped with one 75mm field gun, two 37mm antitank guns (slightly mystifying for a coastal defense), four mortars and several medium machine guns, but lacking any true fortifications. By the autumn of 1939, the Polish garrison occupying Westerplatte comprised of 182 soldiers expected to withstand a potential attack for twelve hours.
In late August, 1939, under the suspect pretense of an amiable courtesy visit, the German battleship Schleswig-Holstein dropped anchor in the channel off Westerplatte and on September 1, at exactly 04:45 local time, began it's barrage of the Polish outpost with its superior 280 and 150mm guns. Thus began Germany's invasion of Poland, igniting the powderkeg that would explode into World War II.
Expecting an easy victory, the German offensive was sternly repelled by Polish small arms and machine gun fire, and suffered unexpected losses during two more assaults upon Westerplatte the same day. The only Polish 75mm gun was destroyed after discharging 28 shells into the German position across the channel. Despite a German naval infantry invasion, sustained bombardment by heavy artillery and diving airraids from German warplanes, the Polish garrison repulsed the Germans for seven days, before the depleted unit, suffering from exhaustion, severe injury and a shortage of food, water, ammunition and medical supplies, was forced to surrender on September 7th.
A Song of the Soldiers of Westerplatte
Boleslaw Prus
When their days had been filled
and it was time to die in the summer,
They went straight to heaven in a coach-and-four,
the soldiers of Westerplatte.
(Summer was beautiful that year.)
They sang: "Ah, ‘tis nothing
that our wounds were so painful,
for now it is sweet to walk
the heavenly fields."
(On earth that year there was plenty of heather for bouquets.)
In Gdansk we stood like a wall
in defiance of the German offensive,
now we soar among the clouds,
we soldiers of Westerplatte.
Those with keen sense of sight
and sound are said to have heard
in the clouds the measured step
of the Maratime Batallion.
This was the song they heard: "We'll
take advantage of the sunshine
and bask in the warm days
in the heather fields of paradise.
But when the cold wind blows
and sorrow courses the earth,
We'll float down to the center of Warsaw,
The soldiers of Westerplatte."
-translated by Walter Whipple
1st September 1939
At 04.30 Stuka dive-bombers prematurely bombed the bridge at Tczew in the Pomeranian Corridor. SS troops dressed in Polish uniforms attacked the radio station at Gleiwitz and broadcast inflammatory statements urging Polish minorities to take up arms against Hitler. For a touch of realism, several bodies of concentration inmates dressed in Polish uniforms, were left behind as 'evidence' for journalists (Zaloga and Madej, 1991) to report on.
The Free City of Danzig was heavily shelled and bombed, inflicting heavy casualties upon the civilian population and military coastal defences or navy flotillas. In Danzig, the defenders, particularly civilian volunteers were shot. The Army Pomorze faced the 4th Army whose tactic was to isolate them in the north from the rest of the Polish Forces and then link up with the Third Army and attack Warsaw.
Daylong fighting produced at times, scenes of sheer heroism. The Pomorska Cavalry Brigade had been in contacts with the German 20th Motorized Infantry Division. Colonel Masterlarz had half the unit mount up and attempted a surprise attack from the rear. Catching an infantry battalion by surprise in a woodland clearing, the sabre attack wiped them out. Legends and myths were borne of cavalry units taking on armoured vehicles. However, what is forgotten, is that the cavalry units carried anti-tank weapons for rapid deployment (Zaloga and Madej, 1991).
On the Prussian Front the German Third Army broke through defences to the north of Warsaw. Ground attacks started at 05.00 and aimed to knock out the heavy fortifications at Mlawa. It was on this front that the Polish Mazowiecka Cavalry Brigade had a number of sabre clashes with the German First Cavalry Brigade (Zaloga and Madej,1991) thus marking an end to mounted warfare. The Polish Special Operational Group Narew had virtually no contacts with German forces due to the restraining action of the Polish Third Army and therefore effectively denied rapid gains on this front.
The heaviest fighting took place in the Southwest, a front covered by Army Lodz and further south, Army Krakow. Army Poznan in the centre saw little action or contact on the first day of fighting. The German Eighth and Tenth Armies pushed through the massive densely forested areas with major infantry clashes en route. The Wolynska Cavalry Brigade successfully countered attacks by the German 4th Panzer Division whose poor co-ordination in attack delayed advance and lost equipment. This front was geographicaly the most diverse and faced the largest concentration of mechanized troops. The heaviest fighting was around the industrial zone of Katowice. In the south, the 44th and 45th Infantry Divisions attacked throught the Jablonkow Pass near Karwina and Cieszyn which were lightly defended. In the southern mountainous area, the XXII Panzer Corps attacked just below Nowy Targ at the Dunajec river which was defended by the 1st KOP Regiment and National Guard Zakopane Battalion. Army Krakow was forced to commit support to stem the attack which was temporarily held.
Outflanked and harassed by German guerrilla units, Army Krakow had to deal with a large number of armed German units set up by the Abwehr to carry out sabotage.
Once the Germans broke through the various fronts, poor communications impeded any chance of reforming on a grand scale. From the 10th until 18th September Polish units were able to reform quickly and still were able to harass and inflict serious damage. For field commanders like Anders, confusion and contradictory orders added to the pain and humiliation of the inevitable defeat. Units attempted to move south-east despite heavy co-ordinated artillery bombardments. Soldiers and civilians who were able to bear arms bravely defended and resisted for as long as possible as they moved behind the Vistula. Encirclement began and 60,000 troops were destroyed at Radom. Partisan units were organized and regular army units kept moving southeast in order to gain supplies of food and munitions and regroup to avoid annihilation once the Russians entered the war on 17th September.
Field commanders moved as many of the remnants of the army to an escape route which led to Romania and Hungary . Units breached German lines on 22nd September before Soviet troops blocked all routes. Poland finally fell on the 6th October as the last organized resistance was crushed at Hel and Kock. Zaloga and Madej (1991) estimated the Germans took 587,000 prisoners and the Soviets 200,000. Anders (1949) estimated between 200 - 300,000 escaped into Romania and Hungary through the Dukla Pass. Those who were caught by the Soviets may have been far higher (Anders, 1949). Fiedotov, an NKVD general estimated it to be nearer 475,000. However, if all those arrested including White Russians, Jews and political prisoners, the number was between 1.5 and 1.6m people. Transported to the Gulags, few survived.
One of Poland's greatest gifts towards the war effort was to have captured an Ultra machine (Stafford, 1997) early in the conflict. The true value of this encryption machine was instantly recognised by Polish and French code-breakers. Unfortunately, true recognition of its significance came later and the thanks given to the Poles hardly covers couple of sentences in either archives or in historical text..
Please write letters and call office of the President Obama, Vice President Biden and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton why US is not sending high ranking delegation to Poland 70th anniversary of the outbreak of World War II?
You can also call or write to the President:
The White House
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20500
Please include your e-mail address
Phone Numbers
Comments: 202-456-1111
Switchboard: 202-456-1414
FAX: 202-456-2461
TTY/TDD
Comments: 202-456-6213
Visitors Office: 202-456-2121
Vice President Joe Biden
The White House
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20500
Rahm Emanuel
Deputy Chiefs of Staff
Jim Messina
Mona Sutphen
Senior Advisors
David Axelrod
Valerie Jarrett
Pete Rouse
Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton
U.S. Department of State
2201 C Street NW
Washington, DC 20520
Main Switchboard:
202-647-4000
70th anniversary of the outbreak of World War II and and betrayal of Poland president od US Obama is not comming to Poland
70th anniversary of the outbreak of World War II and and betrayal of Poland president od US Obama is not comming.
Geneza paktu Ribbentrop Mołotow i początku II Wojny Światowej
Pact Ribbentrop - Molotov and beginning of the Second World War
Polski rząd nic nie robi (przepraszam - robi jedynie pod siebie), więc odpowiedzialność spada na obywateli. A dzie jest Polska Dyplomacja z Radoslawem Sikorskim. A gdzie Polski Rzad Tuska?
Prisimy o listy protestow:
Biuro Rzecznika Prasowego MSZ / MFA Press Spokesman
Rzecznik Prasowy: Piotr Paszkowski
Dyrektor Biura: Alicja Rakowska
Kontakty z mediami.
Spokesman for the Minister.
rzecznik@msz.gov.pl
brp.sekretariat@msz.gov.pl
tel. (+48-22) 5239356
fax. (+48-22) 5239099
Informacja konsularna / Consular Information
tel. (+48-22) 5239451
Kancelaria Prezesa Rady Ministrów
00-583 Warszawa, Al. Ujazdowskie 1/3
tel.: 022 6946000
faks: 022 6252637
Dziennik Podawczy
00-582 Warszawa, Al. J.Ch. Szucha 14
(w godz. 815 - 1615)
Centrala telefoniczna Kancelarii Sejmu Polski:
+48 (22) 694 25 00
Zadania i kompetencje Ministra Spraw Zagranicznych RP
1. Wynikające z Ustawy z dnia 4 września 1997 r. o działach administracji rządowej:
Utrzymywanie stosunków Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z innymi państwami oraz organizacjami międzynarodowymi,
Reprezentowanie i ochrona interesów Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej i jej obywateli oraz polskich osób prawnych za granicą,
Współpraca z Polakami zamieszkałymi za granicą, w tym wspieranie polskich instytucji kulturalnych i oświatowych za granicą,
Promocja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej i języka polskiego za granicą,
Ustalanie organizacji i kierowanie działalnością przedstawicielstw dyplomatycznych i urzędów konsularnych,
Inicjowanie i opracowywanie polityki Rady Ministrów w dziale spraw zagranicznych, przedkładanie w tym zakresie inicjatyw i projektów aktów normatywnych na posiedzenia Rady Ministrów,
Realizacja polityki Rady Ministrów i koordynacja jej wykonywania przez organy, urzędy i jednostki organizacyjne, które jemu podlegają lub są przez niego nadzorowane,
W celu realizacji zadań, współdziałanie z innymi członkami Rady Ministrów, Rządowym Centrum Studiów Strategicznych, innymi organami administracji rządowej i państwowymi jednostkami organizacyjnymi, organami samorządu terytorialnego, jak również z organami samorządu gospodarczego, zawodowego, związków zawodowych i organizacji pracodawców oraz innych organizacji społecznych i przedstawicielstw środowisk zawodowych i twórczych.
70th anniversary of the outbreak of World War II and and betrayal of Poland president od US Obama is not comming.
PART1
PART2
PART3
PART4
PART5
PART6
PART7
PART8
PART9
PART10
On September 1, 1939, at 04:45 local time 70th anniversary of the outbreak of World War II at Westerplatte Poland with no American Delegation. Where is president Obama, Vice President Biden or Secretary of state Hillary Clinton?
Polish American Community and people of Poland one of the US strongest allied are outrage that US is not sending high ranking delegation to this event.
70th anniversary of the outbreak of World War II at Westerplatte will be attended by German chancellor Angela Merkel and Russian prime minister Vladimir Putin and other 69 Heads of States and Governments will Participante.Among those expected to be present at the Westerplatte monument on 1 September are also the prime ministers of Netherlands, Sweden, Italy, the Baltic states, Finland, as well as European Parliament president Jerzy Buzek. France and the UK, which were Poland's allies in 1939, will be represented by foreign ministers Bernard Kouchner and David Miliband.
But not from United States of America
To the entire world Westerplatte ( the Polish Thermopile ) in Poland is like Pearl Harbor to American people.
Westerplatte (1967) part03 [English Subtitles] Polish war movie
Clips from CBC mini documentary about Poland's contribution to the war effort. Polish pilots of the RAF. Betrayal of Poland by Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin.
Over the course of the violent engagement some 2,600 German soldiers fought against the 205-strong garrison of stalwart Poles. The exact number of German casualties has never been disclosed, but is assumed to be quite high in comparison to the Polish figures - of the 205 Polish soldiers defending the outpost, only 14 perished (including the Polish radio operator, later executed for refusing to divulge radio codes to the German side) while 53 were wounded.
On September 1, 1939, at 04:45 local time, as Germany began its invasion of Poland, Schleswig-Holstein started to shell the Polish garrison. This was followed by a repelled attack by German naval infantry. Another two assaults that day were repelled as well. Over the coming days, the Germans repeatedly bombarded Westerplatte with naval and heavy field artillery along with dive-bombing raids by Junkers Ju 87 Stukas. Repeated attacks of 3500 German soldiers were repelled by the 180 Polish soldiers for seven days. Major Henryk Sucharski had been informed that no help from the Polish Army would come but still he decided to defend to relieve attacks on Polish coast - most of the German forces were engaged in the attacks on Westerplatte. On September 7th Major Henryk Sucharski decided to surrender due to lack of ammunition and supplies. As a sign of honor for the soldiers of Westerplatte, German commander, Gen. Eberhardt, allowed Mjr. Sucharski to keep his officer's sword while being taken prisoner.
Westerplatte Defenders Repulse Attacks From Sea, Air and Land; 70 to 200 Polish 'Suicide Troops' Shatter Two German Attempts to Storm Fortress After Plane and Ship Bombardments.
A band of Polish soldiers who for six days fought a "battle of the Alamo" under constant German siege today surrendered Westerplatte Fortress in Danzig Harbor, where the first shot of the European war was fired, according to announcement in Berlin
Westerplatte - il cimitero dei soldati caduti durante i combattimenti nel settembre 1939. Al centro la lapide del comandante, il maggiore Henryk Sucharski. L'avamposto militare di Westerplatte, secondo i piani strategici di difesa, doveva resistere al nemico soltanto 12 ore in attesa dell'arrivo dei soccorsi. Aveva invece resistito sette giorni agli attacchi furiosi della nave corazzata "Schlezwig-Holstein", della fanteria e delle forze aeree tedesche.
Sep 1, 1939 - Am 1. September 1939, einen Tag nachdem der Senat die Verdienstmedaille Danziger Kreuz beschlossen hatte, beschoss die Wehrmacht die Westerplatte, und im Gefecht um das Polnische Postamt in Danzig wurde dieses Gebäude erstürmt. Zudem trafen Truppen der.
Sep 1, 1939 - Pouco faltava para as cinco da manhã de 1 de Setembro de 1939, quando o couraçado alemão Schleswig-Holstein, ancorado na foz do Vístula no interior da Cidade Livre de Gdańsk começou a bombardear a guarnição militar polaca em Westerplatte.
Sep 2, 1939 - "The commander in chief greets the gallant garrison at Westerplatte and expects every man to stick to his sanguinary post." BY ANDREAS BACKER. I ... The call for sacrifice was directed at the "suicide battalion" which mans the Polish munitions dump of Westerplatte off Danzig harbor.
Sep 4, 1939 - After three days of bombardment from sea and air, a little Polish garrison still held the Westerplatte munitions base in Danzig Harbor tonight. ... Thirty airplanes dropped between fifty and sixty bombs on the Westerplatte yesterday, but the Poles still retaliated with machine-gun fire.
Sep 7, 1939 - When this writer left the Nazi-held city of Danzig yesterday morning a small force of Polish soldiers--between 70 and 200 of them--still resisted valiantly in Westerplatte fortress after four days of a fierce siege. Machine-gun fire from the Polish garrison shattered completely two ...
Sep 8, 1939 - A band of Polish soldiers who for six days fought a "battle of the Alamo" under constant German siege today surrendered Westerplatte Fortress in ... The Schleswig-Holstein steamed into position early is the day; trained her gone on the Westerplatte and blasted away: All that , day the ...
Sep 10, 1939 - They were aimed at the Westerplatte, a small Polish fortress, on a Danzig peninsula.. For nearly a week after Danzig had been proclaimed by Adolf Hitler a part of the Reich and German troops had occupied the city, the Polish garrison of the Westerplatte held out. ...
Today the ruins of the barracks and two blockhouses - the only structures on the island - still remain. One of the blockhouses has been converted into a museum commemorating the battle and those who fought there, with two shells from the Schleswig-Holstein ironically propping the entrance. A placid 25m tall stone monument now marks the site of this infamous exchange that preceded the levelling of Gdansk's Old Town and sparked a worldwide conflict that would result in immeasurable suffering (particularly in Poland). Though it is outside the city, Westerplatte is a worthwhile venture for anyone visiting Gdansk; like so many sights in Poland, it is haunted by it's troubling history in the face of a beautiful natural environment.
Gdansk's picturesque Westerplatte peninsula has the unhappy distinction of being the site of the official start of the Second World War. A small forested island separated from Gdansk by the harbour channel, Westerplatte was established as a Polish military outpost during the interwar period, equipped with one 75mm field gun, two 37mm antitank guns (slightly mystifying for a coastal defense), four mortars and several medium machine guns, but lacking any true fortifications. By the autumn of 1939, the Polish garrison occupying Westerplatte comprised of 182 soldiers expected to withstand a potential attack for twelve hours.
In late August, 1939, under the suspect pretense of an amiable courtesy visit, the German battleship Schleswig-Holstein dropped anchor in the channel off Westerplatte and on September 1, at exactly 04:45 local time, began it's barrage of the Polish outpost with its superior 280 and 150mm guns. Thus began Germany's invasion of Poland, igniting the powderkeg that would explode into World War II.
Expecting an easy victory, the German offensive was sternly repelled by Polish small arms and machine gun fire, and suffered unexpected losses during two more assaults upon Westerplatte the same day. The only Polish 75mm gun was destroyed after discharging 28 shells into the German position across the channel. Despite a German naval infantry invasion, sustained bombardment by heavy artillery and diving airraids from German warplanes, the Polish garrison repulsed the Germans for seven days, before the depleted unit, suffering from exhaustion, severe injury and a shortage of food, water, ammunition and medical supplies, was forced to surrender on September 7th.
A Song of the Soldiers of Westerplatte
Boleslaw Prus
When their days had been filled
and it was time to die in the summer,
They went straight to heaven in a coach-and-four,
the soldiers of Westerplatte.
(Summer was beautiful that year.)
They sang: "Ah, ‘tis nothing
that our wounds were so painful,
for now it is sweet to walk
the heavenly fields."
(On earth that year there was plenty of heather for bouquets.)
In Gdansk we stood like a wall
in defiance of the German offensive,
now we soar among the clouds,
we soldiers of Westerplatte.
Those with keen sense of sight
and sound are said to have heard
in the clouds the measured step
of the Maratime Batallion.
This was the song they heard: "We'll
take advantage of the sunshine
and bask in the warm days
in the heather fields of paradise.
But when the cold wind blows
and sorrow courses the earth,
We'll float down to the center of Warsaw,
The soldiers of Westerplatte."
-translated by Walter Whipple
1st September 1939
At 04.30 Stuka dive-bombers prematurely bombed the bridge at Tczew in the Pomeranian Corridor. SS troops dressed in Polish uniforms attacked the radio station at Gleiwitz and broadcast inflammatory statements urging Polish minorities to take up arms against Hitler. For a touch of realism, several bodies of concentration inmates dressed in Polish uniforms, were left behind as 'evidence' for journalists (Zaloga and Madej, 1991) to report on.
The Free City of Danzig was heavily shelled and bombed, inflicting heavy casualties upon the civilian population and military coastal defences or navy flotillas. In Danzig, the defenders, particularly civilian volunteers were shot. The Army Pomorze faced the 4th Army whose tactic was to isolate them in the north from the rest of the Polish Forces and then link up with the Third Army and attack Warsaw.
Daylong fighting produced at times, scenes of sheer heroism. The Pomorska Cavalry Brigade had been in contacts with the German 20th Motorized Infantry Division. Colonel Masterlarz had half the unit mount up and attempted a surprise attack from the rear. Catching an infantry battalion by surprise in a woodland clearing, the sabre attack wiped them out. Legends and myths were borne of cavalry units taking on armoured vehicles. However, what is forgotten, is that the cavalry units carried anti-tank weapons for rapid deployment (Zaloga and Madej, 1991).
On the Prussian Front the German Third Army broke through defences to the north of Warsaw. Ground attacks started at 05.00 and aimed to knock out the heavy fortifications at Mlawa. It was on this front that the Polish Mazowiecka Cavalry Brigade had a number of sabre clashes with the German First Cavalry Brigade (Zaloga and Madej,1991) thus marking an end to mounted warfare. The Polish Special Operational Group Narew had virtually no contacts with German forces due to the restraining action of the Polish Third Army and therefore effectively denied rapid gains on this front.
The heaviest fighting took place in the Southwest, a front covered by Army Lodz and further south, Army Krakow. Army Poznan in the centre saw little action or contact on the first day of fighting. The German Eighth and Tenth Armies pushed through the massive densely forested areas with major infantry clashes en route. The Wolynska Cavalry Brigade successfully countered attacks by the German 4th Panzer Division whose poor co-ordination in attack delayed advance and lost equipment. This front was geographicaly the most diverse and faced the largest concentration of mechanized troops. The heaviest fighting was around the industrial zone of Katowice. In the south, the 44th and 45th Infantry Divisions attacked throught the Jablonkow Pass near Karwina and Cieszyn which were lightly defended. In the southern mountainous area, the XXII Panzer Corps attacked just below Nowy Targ at the Dunajec river which was defended by the 1st KOP Regiment and National Guard Zakopane Battalion. Army Krakow was forced to commit support to stem the attack which was temporarily held.
Outflanked and harassed by German guerrilla units, Army Krakow had to deal with a large number of armed German units set up by the Abwehr to carry out sabotage.
Once the Germans broke through the various fronts, poor communications impeded any chance of reforming on a grand scale. From the 10th until 18th September Polish units were able to reform quickly and still were able to harass and inflict serious damage. For field commanders like Anders, confusion and contradictory orders added to the pain and humiliation of the inevitable defeat. Units attempted to move south-east despite heavy co-ordinated artillery bombardments. Soldiers and civilians who were able to bear arms bravely defended and resisted for as long as possible as they moved behind the Vistula. Encirclement began and 60,000 troops were destroyed at Radom. Partisan units were organized and regular army units kept moving southeast in order to gain supplies of food and munitions and regroup to avoid annihilation once the Russians entered the war on 17th September.
Field commanders moved as many of the remnants of the army to an escape route which led to Romania and Hungary . Units breached German lines on 22nd September before Soviet troops blocked all routes. Poland finally fell on the 6th October as the last organized resistance was crushed at Hel and Kock. Zaloga and Madej (1991) estimated the Germans took 587,000 prisoners and the Soviets 200,000. Anders (1949) estimated between 200 - 300,000 escaped into Romania and Hungary through the Dukla Pass. Those who were caught by the Soviets may have been far higher (Anders, 1949). Fiedotov, an NKVD general estimated it to be nearer 475,000. However, if all those arrested including White Russians, Jews and political prisoners, the number was between 1.5 and 1.6m people. Transported to the Gulags, few survived.
One of Poland's greatest gifts towards the war effort was to have captured an Ultra machine (Stafford, 1997) early in the conflict. The true value of this encryption machine was instantly recognised by Polish and French code-breakers. Unfortunately, true recognition of its significance came later and the thanks given to the Poles hardly covers couple of sentences in either archives or in historical text..
Please write letters and call office of the President Obama, Vice President Biden and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton why US is not sending high ranking delegation to Poland 70th anniversary of the outbreak of World War II?
You can also call or write to the President:
The White House
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20500
Please include your e-mail address
Phone Numbers
Comments: 202-456-1111
Switchboard: 202-456-1414
FAX: 202-456-2461
TTY/TDD
Comments: 202-456-6213
Visitors Office: 202-456-2121
Vice President Joe Biden
The White House
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20500
Rahm Emanuel
Deputy Chiefs of Staff
Jim Messina
Mona Sutphen
Senior Advisors
David Axelrod
Valerie Jarrett
Pete Rouse
Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton
U.S. Department of State
2201 C Street NW
Washington, DC 20520
Main Switchboard:
202-647-4000
Geneza paktu Ribbentrop Mołotow i początku II Wojny Światowej
Pact Ribbentrop - Molotov and beginning of the Second World War
Polski rząd nic nie robi (przepraszam - robi jedynie pod siebie), więc odpowiedzialność spada na obywateli. A dzie jest Polska Dyplomacja z Radoslawem Sikorskim. A gdzie Polski Rzad Tuska?
Prisimy o listy protestow:
Biuro Rzecznika Prasowego MSZ / MFA Press Spokesman
Rzecznik Prasowy: Piotr Paszkowski
Dyrektor Biura: Alicja Rakowska
Kontakty z mediami.
Spokesman for the Minister.
rzecznik@msz.gov.pl
brp.sekretariat@msz.gov.pl
tel. (+48-22) 5239356
fax. (+48-22) 5239099
Informacja konsularna / Consular Information
tel. (+48-22) 5239451
Kancelaria Prezesa Rady Ministrów
00-583 Warszawa, Al. Ujazdowskie 1/3
tel.: 022 6946000
faks: 022 6252637
Dziennik Podawczy
00-582 Warszawa, Al. J.Ch. Szucha 14
(w godz. 815 - 1615)
Centrala telefoniczna Kancelarii Sejmu Polski:
+48 (22) 694 25 00
Zadania i kompetencje Ministra Spraw Zagranicznych RP
1. Wynikające z Ustawy z dnia 4 września 1997 r. o działach administracji rządowej:
Utrzymywanie stosunków Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z innymi państwami oraz organizacjami międzynarodowymi,
Reprezentowanie i ochrona interesów Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej i jej obywateli oraz polskich osób prawnych za granicą,
Współpraca z Polakami zamieszkałymi za granicą, w tym wspieranie polskich instytucji kulturalnych i oświatowych za granicą,
Promocja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej i języka polskiego za granicą,
Ustalanie organizacji i kierowanie działalnością przedstawicielstw dyplomatycznych i urzędów konsularnych,
Inicjowanie i opracowywanie polityki Rady Ministrów w dziale spraw zagranicznych, przedkładanie w tym zakresie inicjatyw i projektów aktów normatywnych na posiedzenia Rady Ministrów,
Realizacja polityki Rady Ministrów i koordynacja jej wykonywania przez organy, urzędy i jednostki organizacyjne, które jemu podlegają lub są przez niego nadzorowane,
W celu realizacji zadań, współdziałanie z innymi członkami Rady Ministrów, Rządowym Centrum Studiów Strategicznych, innymi organami administracji rządowej i państwowymi jednostkami organizacyjnymi, organami samorządu terytorialnego, jak również z organami samorządu gospodarczego, zawodowego, związków zawodowych i organizacji pracodawców oraz innych organizacji społecznych i przedstawicielstw środowisk zawodowych i twórczych.
70th anniversary of the outbreak of World War II and and betrayal of Poland president od US Obama is not comming.
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On September 1, 1939, at 04:45 local time 70th anniversary of the outbreak of World War II at Westerplatte Poland with no American Delegation. Where is president Obama, Vice President Biden or Secretary of state Hillary Clinton?
Polish American Community and people of Poland one of the US strongest allied are outrage that US is not sending high ranking delegation to this event.
70th anniversary of the outbreak of World War II at Westerplatte will be attended by German chancellor Angela Merkel and Russian prime minister Vladimir Putin and other 69 Heads of States and Governments will Participante.Among those expected to be present at the Westerplatte monument on 1 September are also the prime ministers of Netherlands, Sweden, Italy, the Baltic states, Finland, as well as European Parliament president Jerzy Buzek. France and the UK, which were Poland's allies in 1939, will be represented by foreign ministers Bernard Kouchner and David Miliband.
But not from United States of America
To the entire world Westerplatte ( the Polish Thermopile ) in Poland is like Pearl Harbor to American people.
Westerplatte (1967) part03 [English Subtitles] Polish war movie
Clips from CBC mini documentary about Poland's contribution to the war effort. Polish pilots of the RAF. Betrayal of Poland by Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin.
Over the course of the violent engagement some 2,600 German soldiers fought against the 205-strong garrison of stalwart Poles. The exact number of German casualties has never been disclosed, but is assumed to be quite high in comparison to the Polish figures - of the 205 Polish soldiers defending the outpost, only 14 perished (including the Polish radio operator, later executed for refusing to divulge radio codes to the German side) while 53 were wounded.
On September 1, 1939, at 04:45 local time, as Germany began its invasion of Poland, Schleswig-Holstein started to shell the Polish garrison. This was followed by a repelled attack by German naval infantry. Another two assaults that day were repelled as well. Over the coming days, the Germans repeatedly bombarded Westerplatte with naval and heavy field artillery along with dive-bombing raids by Junkers Ju 87 Stukas. Repeated attacks of 3500 German soldiers were repelled by the 180 Polish soldiers for seven days. Major Henryk Sucharski had been informed that no help from the Polish Army would come but still he decided to defend to relieve attacks on Polish coast - most of the German forces were engaged in the attacks on Westerplatte. On September 7th Major Henryk Sucharski decided to surrender due to lack of ammunition and supplies. As a sign of honor for the soldiers of Westerplatte, German commander, Gen. Eberhardt, allowed Mjr. Sucharski to keep his officer's sword while being taken prisoner.
Westerplatte Defenders Repulse Attacks From Sea, Air and Land; 70 to 200 Polish 'Suicide Troops' Shatter Two German Attempts to Storm Fortress After Plane and Ship Bombardments.
A band of Polish soldiers who for six days fought a "battle of the Alamo" under constant German siege today surrendered Westerplatte Fortress in Danzig Harbor, where the first shot of the European war was fired, according to announcement in Berlin
Westerplatte - il cimitero dei soldati caduti durante i combattimenti nel settembre 1939. Al centro la lapide del comandante, il maggiore Henryk Sucharski. L'avamposto militare di Westerplatte, secondo i piani strategici di difesa, doveva resistere al nemico soltanto 12 ore in attesa dell'arrivo dei soccorsi. Aveva invece resistito sette giorni agli attacchi furiosi della nave corazzata "Schlezwig-Holstein", della fanteria e delle forze aeree tedesche.
Sep 1, 1939 - Am 1. September 1939, einen Tag nachdem der Senat die Verdienstmedaille Danziger Kreuz beschlossen hatte, beschoss die Wehrmacht die Westerplatte, und im Gefecht um das Polnische Postamt in Danzig wurde dieses Gebäude erstürmt. Zudem trafen Truppen der.
Sep 1, 1939 - Pouco faltava para as cinco da manhã de 1 de Setembro de 1939, quando o couraçado alemão Schleswig-Holstein, ancorado na foz do Vístula no interior da Cidade Livre de Gdańsk começou a bombardear a guarnição militar polaca em Westerplatte.
Sep 2, 1939 - "The commander in chief greets the gallant garrison at Westerplatte and expects every man to stick to his sanguinary post." BY ANDREAS BACKER. I ... The call for sacrifice was directed at the "suicide battalion" which mans the Polish munitions dump of Westerplatte off Danzig harbor.
Sep 4, 1939 - After three days of bombardment from sea and air, a little Polish garrison still held the Westerplatte munitions base in Danzig Harbor tonight. ... Thirty airplanes dropped between fifty and sixty bombs on the Westerplatte yesterday, but the Poles still retaliated with machine-gun fire.
Sep 7, 1939 - When this writer left the Nazi-held city of Danzig yesterday morning a small force of Polish soldiers--between 70 and 200 of them--still resisted valiantly in Westerplatte fortress after four days of a fierce siege. Machine-gun fire from the Polish garrison shattered completely two ...
Sep 8, 1939 - A band of Polish soldiers who for six days fought a "battle of the Alamo" under constant German siege today surrendered Westerplatte Fortress in ... The Schleswig-Holstein steamed into position early is the day; trained her gone on the Westerplatte and blasted away: All that , day the ...
Sep 10, 1939 - They were aimed at the Westerplatte, a small Polish fortress, on a Danzig peninsula.. For nearly a week after Danzig had been proclaimed by Adolf Hitler a part of the Reich and German troops had occupied the city, the Polish garrison of the Westerplatte held out. ...
Today the ruins of the barracks and two blockhouses - the only structures on the island - still remain. One of the blockhouses has been converted into a museum commemorating the battle and those who fought there, with two shells from the Schleswig-Holstein ironically propping the entrance. A placid 25m tall stone monument now marks the site of this infamous exchange that preceded the levelling of Gdansk's Old Town and sparked a worldwide conflict that would result in immeasurable suffering (particularly in Poland). Though it is outside the city, Westerplatte is a worthwhile venture for anyone visiting Gdansk; like so many sights in Poland, it is haunted by it's troubling history in the face of a beautiful natural environment.
Gdansk's picturesque Westerplatte peninsula has the unhappy distinction of being the site of the official start of the Second World War. A small forested island separated from Gdansk by the harbour channel, Westerplatte was established as a Polish military outpost during the interwar period, equipped with one 75mm field gun, two 37mm antitank guns (slightly mystifying for a coastal defense), four mortars and several medium machine guns, but lacking any true fortifications. By the autumn of 1939, the Polish garrison occupying Westerplatte comprised of 182 soldiers expected to withstand a potential attack for twelve hours.
In late August, 1939, under the suspect pretense of an amiable courtesy visit, the German battleship Schleswig-Holstein dropped anchor in the channel off Westerplatte and on September 1, at exactly 04:45 local time, began it's barrage of the Polish outpost with its superior 280 and 150mm guns. Thus began Germany's invasion of Poland, igniting the powderkeg that would explode into World War II.
Expecting an easy victory, the German offensive was sternly repelled by Polish small arms and machine gun fire, and suffered unexpected losses during two more assaults upon Westerplatte the same day. The only Polish 75mm gun was destroyed after discharging 28 shells into the German position across the channel. Despite a German naval infantry invasion, sustained bombardment by heavy artillery and diving airraids from German warplanes, the Polish garrison repulsed the Germans for seven days, before the depleted unit, suffering from exhaustion, severe injury and a shortage of food, water, ammunition and medical supplies, was forced to surrender on September 7th.
A Song of the Soldiers of Westerplatte
Boleslaw Prus
When their days had been filled
and it was time to die in the summer,
They went straight to heaven in a coach-and-four,
the soldiers of Westerplatte.
(Summer was beautiful that year.)
They sang: "Ah, ‘tis nothing
that our wounds were so painful,
for now it is sweet to walk
the heavenly fields."
(On earth that year there was plenty of heather for bouquets.)
In Gdansk we stood like a wall
in defiance of the German offensive,
now we soar among the clouds,
we soldiers of Westerplatte.
Those with keen sense of sight
and sound are said to have heard
in the clouds the measured step
of the Maratime Batallion.
This was the song they heard: "We'll
take advantage of the sunshine
and bask in the warm days
in the heather fields of paradise.
But when the cold wind blows
and sorrow courses the earth,
We'll float down to the center of Warsaw,
The soldiers of Westerplatte."
-translated by Walter Whipple
1st September 1939
At 04.30 Stuka dive-bombers prematurely bombed the bridge at Tczew in the Pomeranian Corridor. SS troops dressed in Polish uniforms attacked the radio station at Gleiwitz and broadcast inflammatory statements urging Polish minorities to take up arms against Hitler. For a touch of realism, several bodies of concentration inmates dressed in Polish uniforms, were left behind as 'evidence' for journalists (Zaloga and Madej, 1991) to report on.
The Free City of Danzig was heavily shelled and bombed, inflicting heavy casualties upon the civilian population and military coastal defences or navy flotillas. In Danzig, the defenders, particularly civilian volunteers were shot. The Army Pomorze faced the 4th Army whose tactic was to isolate them in the north from the rest of the Polish Forces and then link up with the Third Army and attack Warsaw.
Daylong fighting produced at times, scenes of sheer heroism. The Pomorska Cavalry Brigade had been in contacts with the German 20th Motorized Infantry Division. Colonel Masterlarz had half the unit mount up and attempted a surprise attack from the rear. Catching an infantry battalion by surprise in a woodland clearing, the sabre attack wiped them out. Legends and myths were borne of cavalry units taking on armoured vehicles. However, what is forgotten, is that the cavalry units carried anti-tank weapons for rapid deployment (Zaloga and Madej, 1991).
On the Prussian Front the German Third Army broke through defences to the north of Warsaw. Ground attacks started at 05.00 and aimed to knock out the heavy fortifications at Mlawa. It was on this front that the Polish Mazowiecka Cavalry Brigade had a number of sabre clashes with the German First Cavalry Brigade (Zaloga and Madej,1991) thus marking an end to mounted warfare. The Polish Special Operational Group Narew had virtually no contacts with German forces due to the restraining action of the Polish Third Army and therefore effectively denied rapid gains on this front.
The heaviest fighting took place in the Southwest, a front covered by Army Lodz and further south, Army Krakow. Army Poznan in the centre saw little action or contact on the first day of fighting. The German Eighth and Tenth Armies pushed through the massive densely forested areas with major infantry clashes en route. The Wolynska Cavalry Brigade successfully countered attacks by the German 4th Panzer Division whose poor co-ordination in attack delayed advance and lost equipment. This front was geographicaly the most diverse and faced the largest concentration of mechanized troops. The heaviest fighting was around the industrial zone of Katowice. In the south, the 44th and 45th Infantry Divisions attacked throught the Jablonkow Pass near Karwina and Cieszyn which were lightly defended. In the southern mountainous area, the XXII Panzer Corps attacked just below Nowy Targ at the Dunajec river which was defended by the 1st KOP Regiment and National Guard Zakopane Battalion. Army Krakow was forced to commit support to stem the attack which was temporarily held.
Outflanked and harassed by German guerrilla units, Army Krakow had to deal with a large number of armed German units set up by the Abwehr to carry out sabotage.
Once the Germans broke through the various fronts, poor communications impeded any chance of reforming on a grand scale. From the 10th until 18th September Polish units were able to reform quickly and still were able to harass and inflict serious damage. For field commanders like Anders, confusion and contradictory orders added to the pain and humiliation of the inevitable defeat. Units attempted to move south-east despite heavy co-ordinated artillery bombardments. Soldiers and civilians who were able to bear arms bravely defended and resisted for as long as possible as they moved behind the Vistula. Encirclement began and 60,000 troops were destroyed at Radom. Partisan units were organized and regular army units kept moving southeast in order to gain supplies of food and munitions and regroup to avoid annihilation once the Russians entered the war on 17th September.
Field commanders moved as many of the remnants of the army to an escape route which led to Romania and Hungary . Units breached German lines on 22nd September before Soviet troops blocked all routes. Poland finally fell on the 6th October as the last organized resistance was crushed at Hel and Kock. Zaloga and Madej (1991) estimated the Germans took 587,000 prisoners and the Soviets 200,000. Anders (1949) estimated between 200 - 300,000 escaped into Romania and Hungary through the Dukla Pass. Those who were caught by the Soviets may have been far higher (Anders, 1949). Fiedotov, an NKVD general estimated it to be nearer 475,000. However, if all those arrested including White Russians, Jews and political prisoners, the number was between 1.5 and 1.6m people. Transported to the Gulags, few survived.
One of Poland's greatest gifts towards the war effort was to have captured an Ultra machine (Stafford, 1997) early in the conflict. The true value of this encryption machine was instantly recognised by Polish and French code-breakers. Unfortunately, true recognition of its significance came later and the thanks given to the Poles hardly covers couple of sentences in either archives or in historical text..
Please write letters and call office of the President Obama, Vice President Biden and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton why US is not sending high ranking delegation to Poland 70th anniversary of the outbreak of World War II?
You can also call or write to the President:
The White House
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20500
Please include your e-mail address
Phone Numbers
Comments: 202-456-1111
Switchboard: 202-456-1414
FAX: 202-456-2461
TTY/TDD
Comments: 202-456-6213
Visitors Office: 202-456-2121
Vice President Joe Biden
The White House
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20500
Rahm Emanuel
Deputy Chiefs of Staff
Jim Messina
Mona Sutphen
Senior Advisors
David Axelrod
Valerie Jarrett
Pete Rouse
Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton
U.S. Department of State
2201 C Street NW
Washington, DC 20520
Main Switchboard:
202-647-4000
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